호텔종사원이 지각한 고객 불량행동, 감정노동, 직무열의, 서비스 사보타주간의 구조적관계
The structural relationship of customer badness behavior, emotional labor, Job engagement and service sabotage perceived by hotel employees
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초록
현대의 기업은 고객만족이라는 경영방침을 직원들에게 고취 시키면서 직원들에게 고객의 억지스러운 요구와 행동까지 감내해야 한다는 기업풍토가 조성되었다. 그 결과로 인해 고객 불량행동 또한 증가하는 추세이며, 고객 불량행동은 개인 차원의 문제뿐만 아니라 직무만족을 떨어뜨려 생산성 저하, 이직증가 등과 같은 조직 차원에도 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 고객 불량행동을 경험한 종사원은 급기야 고객에 대한 서비스 사보타주 행동에 이르게 된다. 이와는 반대로 긍정심리학 분야에서 긍정적인 측면에 초점을 둔 직무열의에 대한 관심과 중요성이 증대되기 시작하였다. 직무열의는 직무만족 향상, 낮은 결근 및 이직 감소, 높은 조직몰입과 업무 수행능력 향상 등 개인이나 조직에 긍정적인 결과를 가져온다. 따라서 본 연구는 호텔종사원이 지각한 고객 불량행동, 감정노동, 직무열의, 서비스 사보타주와 관련된 선행연구를 기초로 이들 변수 간의 구조적 관계를 밝힘으로서 호텔종사원의 직무수행 능력과 조직성과를 높이기 위한 관리방안을 고찰하고 호텔의 서비스 경쟁력을 확보하기 위한 경영전략을 제안하고자 한다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과 제안한 8개의 가설 중 6개가 채택되었고, 고객 불량행동은 감정노동, 감정노동은 직무열의에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 기업 입장에서 먼저 고객 불량행동의 원인을 파악하기 위한 노력이 선행되어야 한다. 고객 불량행동으로 인해 발생하는 서비스 사보타주는 조직 구성원의 의도에서 파생되며, 이러한 의도성은 서비스 사보타주를 일반적인 서비스 실패와 구별하게 해준다. 서비스 실패란 고객의 기대에 미치지 못하는 서비스 성과를 말하며 일반적으로 고의성이 없다. 그러나 서비스 사보타주는 그러한 행동의 의도적인 성격상 서비스 실패와 다르지만, 고객의 관점에서 서비스 사보타주와 서비스 실패 행동은 동일하다고 인식될 수 있다는 점을 알아야 한다.
Abstract
Modern companies have created a corporate climate that employees must endure the unreasonable demands and actions of customers while encouraging employees to take the management policy of customer satisfaction. As a result, customer badness behavior has increased, and this customer badness behavior shows a negative effect on organization such as productivity deterioration and turnover increase by reducing job satisfaction as well as individual problems. Employees who have experienced customer badness behavior are eventually supposed to do service sabotage behavior to customers. On the contrary, the interest and importance of job enthusiasm focused on positive aspects in the field of positive psychology began to increase. Job engagement brings positive results for individuals or organizations, such as job satisfaction improvement, low absenteeism and turnover reduction, high organizational immersion and job performance improvement. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine the management plan to increase the job performance ability and organizational performance of hotel employees and to propose a service management strategy for securing hotel competitiveness by clarifying the relationship between these variables based on the existing researches related to customer badness behavior, emotional labor, job engagement and service sabotage perceived by hotel employees. As a result of analyzing the collected data, six out of eight hypotheses were adopted, and it was confirmed that customer badness behavior had a significant effect on emotional labor and emotional labor had a significant effect on job engagement. Efforts should be made to identify the cause of customer badness behavior first from the company's perspective. Service sabotage resulting from customer badness behavior is derived from the intentions of the members of the organization, and this intention distinguishes service sabotage from general service failures. Service failure refers to service performance that does not meet customer expectations and is generally unintentional. However, service sabotage is different from service failure due to the intentional nature of such behavior, but it should be noted that service sabotage and service failure behavior can be recognized as the same from the customer's point of view. Therefore, companies should identify and manage the activities of service sabotage effectively.
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