The Changing Party-State System and Outlook for Reform in North Korea
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This paper analyzes the outlook for North Korean reform from the perspective of a changing party-state system. North Korea adopted a Soviet type of political system in 1948, when the government was established. In the early 1960s North Korea strived to replace a Soviet model of party-state system with a Chinese model, where political power was horizontally concentrated on party committees at each level. Local party committees controlled parallel administrations as strongly as the central party committee managed the central government. The 1998 Constitution is characterized by the weakened control of the party over the military and the government. The North Korean efforts at change faced harsh setbacks in 2005, due to unsuccessful reforms and increasing social instability. The prevention of market expansion and the tightened control over citizens have become a pressing issue for the North Korean people. North Korea announced state monopolization of food in September 2005 and began to regulate the markets. The Central Party Committee reintroduced the Department of Planning and Finance in October 2005, a move that clearly indicated the desire to increase the involvement in economic affairs alongside the Cabinet. Pyongyang seems to be enforcing the role of the party, prioritizing regime solidarity and implementing conservative policies at home and abroad in the aftermath of failed liberal economic policies (albeit partial and limited) over the last decade.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the outlook for North Korean reform from the perspective of a changing party-state system. North Korea adopted a Soviet type of political system in 1948, when the government was established. In the early 1960s North Korea strived to replace a Soviet model of party-state system with a Chinese model, where political power was horizontally concentrated on party committees at each level. Local party committees controlled parallel administrations as strongly as the central party committee managed the central government. The 1998 Constitution is characterized by the weakened control of the party over the military and the government. The North Korean efforts at change faced harsh setbacks in 2005, due to unsuccessful reforms and increasing social instability. The prevention of market expansion and the tightened control over citizens have become a pressing issue for the North Korean people. North Korea announced state monopolization of food in September 2005 and began to regulate the markets. The Central Party Committee reintroduced the Department of Planning and Finance in October 2005, a move that clearly indicated the desire to increase the involvement in economic affairs alongside the Cabinet. Pyongyang seems to be enforcing the role of the party, prioritizing regime solidarity and implementing conservative policies at home and abroad in the aftermath of failed liberal economic policies (albeit partial and limited) over the last decade.
참고문헌 (11)
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