도시재생을 위한 문화지구정책 거버넌스 연구: 부산광역시 또따또가를 사례로
Building Effective Governance for Cultural District Planning: The Case of the Totatoga Project in Busan
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문화경제의 부상에 따라 오늘날 문화지구 조성이 도시정책의 핵심주제로 등장하였다. 그러나 예술가를 정책적으로 활용하는 것은 개발행정을 중심으로 했던 기존의 도시정책 관행에 비추어볼 때 매우 도전적인 과제다. 새로운 정책은 행정과 예술가, 그리고 지역주민 등이 함께 참여할 수 있는 효과적인 거버넌스의 구축을 필수적으로 요구하기 때문이다. 예술가들이 가지고 있는 창의성, 자발성, 상호협력, 역동성을 유지하면서 동시에 공공의 이익을 위해 복무하도록 유도하는 것은 오늘날 많은 도시에서 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 본 논문은 부산광역시 원도심 창작공간 조성정책(일명 ‘또따또가’ 사업)을 사례로 이상의 과제에 대한 대답을 찾는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 논문은 주로 해외의 정책 경험과 연구를 준거로 하여 바람직한 문화지구 조성정책의 거버넌스 모델을 도출하고 이를 분석틀로 삼아 부산시 원도심 창작공간 조성정책을 평가한다. 거버넌스의 관점에서 정부 혹은 예술가의 어떠한 태도와 관심이 긍정적인 결과를 초래하였는지를 분석하고 그것이 국내 유사정책에 갖는 함의를 살펴보았다.
Abstract
With the rise of cultural economy in today’s post-industrial cities, cultural district planning is increasingly used as an urban regeneration tool. Korea is no exception, and many of its cities that are facing de-industrialization and population loss are following the trend, installing numerous cultural district projects for their ailing neighborhoods. These projects, however, often falter as they fail to build an effective governance structure, especially amid the conflicting interests between artists and urban bureaucrats. Against this backdrop, the study explores the Totatoga project in Busan Metropolitan City, in an attempt to clarify the factors behind effective policy governance for cultural district planning. It finds that the role of an intermediary agency, which helped to bring together different actors, including government, artists, and the local community, and the local government’s non-interventionist attitude were important success factors for the project. Hence, as a conclusion, it suggests that a local government’s mode of intervention should be reinvented, so as to provide flexible and horizontal governance structure for art-led urban regeneration policies in Korea.
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