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코로나바이러스감염증-19의 시공간적 확산 패턴 및 지역 간 감염 네트워크 분석

Spatiotemporal Evolution and the Diffusion Pattern of COVID-19 in South Korea in Three Waves

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초록

본 논문의 목적은 코로나19 발생지 자료를 토대로 유행 시기별 코로나19의 공간적 확산 패턴과 방향성을 분석하는 것이다. 기존 연구와 달리 코로나19 발생지를 기준으로 감염병이 시간이 흐를수록 공간적으로 어떻게 확산되는지, 주요 역할을 하는 지역이 어디인지, 각 지역 간 영향력이 어떻게 되는가 등을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 코로나19는 서울 및 수도권을 중심으로 인접성과 연결성에 따라 공간적으로 확산되었으며, 3차 유행으로 갈수록 코로나19 확산의 범위와 빈도, 속도가 빨라졌다. 또한 팬데믹 초기에는 서울 및 수도권이 코로나19 확산에 가장 큰 역할을 하였으나, 시간이 지날수록 이러한 역할이 지방 대도시로 확산되면서 보다 산발적인 감염이 일어난 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 팬데믹 상황이 장기화될수록 코로나19 전파 통로가 다양하지고 도시 간 전파 역시 늘어나 특정 지역에 초점을 맞춘 방역에 한계가 있을 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 지역 위계별로 인구 규모가 큰 지역일수록 코로나19 유출입 빈도가 높아 확산에 중요한 역할을 하였으며, 지역 간 전파에 있어서도 매개지역이 된 것으로 나타났다. 이는 수도권과 지방으로 이분화된 방역 조치가 도시의 규모와 타 지역과의 연결성 등을 토대로 보다 세분화되어야 함을 알려준다.

Abstract

This study aims to uncover cross-district transmission patterns of COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea in three waves. To this end, a total of 93,755 reported cases that local governments published online were firstly mapped and analyzed the spatial diffusion patterns using ArcMap 10.5. Secondly, network analyses method was employed to discover the directions of transmission as well as the relationships between urban hierarchy and transmission patterns of the virus in three waves. In network analysis, 28,365 cases, that contain information of both origin and destination of individual cases, were analyzed and visualized using Gephi. The analyses unveiled the differences among three outbreak waves in their transmission scales, speed, and directions. At an overall level, the Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMA) found to be the super-spreader and instrumental in spreading the virus throughout the pandemic. But the second and third waves were more diverse and heterogeneous while the transmission of the first wave was concentrated around the SMA. Districts with over 1 million population found to have contributed to widespread and rapid transmission of the virus. The findings of this study contribute to developing and deploying area-specific prevention and intervention measures against future epidemics.

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