중국정부의 소수민족정책

Abstract

China is a multi-ethnic country made up of the Han Chinese and 55 ethnic minorities. Minority ethnic groups account for 8.89% of the total population, but they occupy 64% of the country due to their extensive residential area. In addition, minority ethnic groups take the form of living together with the Han Chinese rather than living alone with their own ethnic groups in isolation. China's ethnic minority policy implemented a policy of reconciliation in the early days of its founding, and a policy of coercion from the Great Leap Forward to the Cultural Revolution before the Cultural Revolution. During the Cultural Revolution, the assimilation policy was promoted, and in the early stage of reform and opening up, the policy of reconciliation and recovery of ethnic minority policies was implemented, and since 1992, Han Chinese-centered integration policy has been implemented. The regional importance of ethnic minorities is that they occupy a large territory even though their population is small. Most of their residences are located at the border, and they have abundant underground resources. It is a strategic point essential for integration and maintaining external status. Among the minority ethnic groups, the Tibetan and Xinjiang Uyghurs are the most threatened ethnic groups in China, and the conflict continues. have. The fundamental solution to minority disputes is to grant autonomy to ethnic minority areas, guarantee religious freedom and cultural identity, examine problems caused by excessive Han Chinese migration, and guarantee improvement of living standards for local residents.