校正本≪中原音韻≫初探

Abstract

In terms of data research, the Beiyinxue study regulates Zhou-Deqing's Zhongyuanyinyun in Yuan Dynasty as the origin source of the Modern Mandarin, and since the publishment of Zhongyuanyinyun. Its main trend focuses on analyzing some diachronic change process centering the Rhyming dictionaries of Zhongyuan series like Zhuo-Congzhi's Zhongzhouyuefuyinyunleibian in Yuan Dynasty, and Zhu-Quan's Qionglinyayun,Chen-Duo'sCilinyunshi,Wang-Wenbi'sZhongzhouyinyun, Fan-Shanzhen's Zhongzhouquanyun, and Wang-Jide's Nancizhengyun in Ming Dynasty, and Mao-Xianshu's Nanquzhengyun, Wang-Xun's Zhongzhouyinyunjiyao, Shen-Binglin's Yunxuelizhu, Zhou-Ang's Xindingzhongzhouquanyun in Qing Dynasty. Besides the Rhyming dictionaries of Zhongyuan series, the materials attracting academic are Xu-Xiao's Congdingsimawengongdengyuntujing and Hebingzixuejiyun in Ming Dynasty, which reflects the phonological system more closely approaching to that of Modern Mandarin's Initial consonants, Finals and Tones. Also the books like Lan-Mao's Yunlueyitong and Bi-Gongchen's Yunluehuitong in Ming Dynasty, and Fan-Tengfeng's Wufangyuanyin in Qing Dynasty can be selected as main materials in terms of diachronic, synchronic comparisons. While Zhou-Deqing's Zhongyuanyinyun in Yuan Dynasty was created to meet the needs of writing Ciqu according to the booming of Beiqu in Yuan Dynasty. However, Nanqu started to boom by the time of Ming Dynasty and the request to publish Rhyming dictionaries for Nanqu appeared. Representing books to meet such a timely demand are Zhu-Quan's Qionglinyayun and Wang-Wenbi's Zhongzhouyinyun in Ming Dynasty and etc. Among such representative books, especially, the Zhongzhouyinyun broke away the literary style by omitting each rhyme character's phonetic notation and explanation for the meaning of rhyme characters and escaping from the system style which only arrayed rhyme characters in the Zhongyuanynyun. Among the Rhyming dictionaries of Zhongyuan series, the Zhongzhouyinyun, for the first time, specified the each rhyme character's phonetic notation, therefore it received much attention from the phonologic world and is utilized as a direct and efficient data for the analysis of Old Mandarin's phonological system. But due to its limitations following the Zhongyuanyinyun's external system like its rhyme system and rhyme characters arrangement style, the Zhongzhouyinyun was often treated as an assistant material in studying the Zhongyuanyinyun. One example, the phonetic notations like Fanqie and Xieyin, etc. indicated in the Zhongzhouyinyun were also used as the direct data for analyzing Northern phonological system of Yuan Dynasty. This as a lack of awareness in diachronic, synchronic differences between Zhongyuanyinyun and Zhongzhouyinyun. However, through the continuation of academic research in recent years, corrected clearly the diachronic, synchronic differences between them. Until the Ming Dynasty, thanks to the flourishing of Naqu, the demand for Rhyming dictionaries for Nanqu as well as flourishing publishment industry, contributed greatly to popularize the publishment of Rhyming dictionaries for Nanqu including Zhongzhouyinyun after the publishment of Qionglinyayun. As mentioned above, it is assumed that the Zhonzhouyinyun might attract the publishment industry's attention under a great support of the Qu world at that time, it increased the use convenience in using a Rhyming dictionaries by adding a phonetic notation and an explanation for the meaning of rhyme characters to each rhyme character. After its first edition and mid edition sooner, the Xiaoyupu which was published time and again through the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, contained the Zhongyuanyinyun representing the Rhyming dictionary for Beiqu as well as the Rhyming dictionary for Nanqu. In addition, in the light of the fact of containing series book relevant to various Rhyming dictionaries. At that time, it could be estimated that Zhongzhouyinyun made a profound influence on the Qu world. In the end of Ming Dynasty Wanli 29year(1601), Ye-Yizhen published a revised edition with the title of “Zhongyuanyinyun”. Ye-Yizhen's revised edition can be regarded as the Revised Edition of Zhonzhouyinyun, or the Revised Edition of Zhongyuanyinyun. Because the book is a revision in the shape integrating the Zhongzhouyinyun and the Zhongyuanyinyun. Regarding the detailed revision situation, inductive of rhyme system and the array order of rhyme cluster and rhyme characters succeeded the prototype of Zhongyuanyinyun, Ye-Yizhen basically kept the rhyme characters and phonetic notations and explanation for the meaning of rhyme characters in the supplemented edition of Zhongzhouyinyun and took along a type of rearranging according to the arrangement of Zhongyuanyinyun. Of course, Ye-Yizhen went beyond succeeding the research results and original form of Zhou-Deqing and Wang-Wenbi. While he maintained the basic format, he performed the revision work in the array or phonetic notations and explanation for the meaning of rhyme characters and achieved a myriad of cases on the improvement of the appearance and the information. Ye-Yizhen's revised edition is judged to be a new type of Rhyming dictionary for Qu which tried to improve and supplement of the style and information. That is to say, he didn't do a simple revision work, but produce additionally supplemented book by taking advantages of the Zhongyuanyinyun and the Zhongzhouyinyun. Based on rudimentary analysis, the relationship between Zhongyuanyinyun, Zhongzhouyinyun, and Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun can be established. That is to say, first, Wang-Wenbi supplemented Zhou-Deqing's Zhongyuanyinyun and compiled the Zhongzhouyinyun. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhongzhouyinyun was recompiled on the basis of some systems and phonetic notations as well as explanation for the meaning of rhyme characters of two Rhyming dictionaries and it is estimated that Revised Edition of Zhongyuanyinyun was compiled.