이슬람화 이전 투르크 구비문학의 특징과 갈래분류에 관한 연구
Characteristics and classification of Turkic oral literature before Islamization
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Turkic literature (Türk Edebiyatı) is a long-standing common cultural heritage shared by Turkey and the countries of Central Asia based on oral traditions. In Turkic culture, oral traditions are not only the literary poetry of rhyme and rhythm but are also the basis for modern folk songs, funeral songs, plays, games, and the like. Prior to Islamization, oral literature was conveyed by shamans (Kam) in religious rituals (dinitöreni), festivals (şölen), hunting ceremonies (sığır), and rites of passage, based on celestial thought and shamanism. The shaman was a political leader, priest, artist, therapist (doctor), and mentor; in other words, he(she) led the tribe, of which he(she) was the focal point. As Islam gradually consolidated its power in tribal nations, the original functions of shamans weakened. The shaman was later transformed into an ozan, performing only some of the functions of a bard, storyteller, and narrator. As literature has passed through the era of mythology, which has a shamanic nature, recording history in mysterious terms, an era of literature functioning only in the artistic realm has arrived. Oral traditions have subsequently been written down and passed down, as with the changing process of oral literature. Pre-Islamic Turkic oral literature reflects the Turks' view of the universe, the world, humans, life, and death, and is a valuable resource for examining their faith, tradition, and customs. More specifically, before the arrival of Islam, celestial thought (Göktanrıcılık), shamanism, totemism (wolf, deer, eagle, etc.), animism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism had considerable influence on the Turkic tribes. In particular, the Turks' main beliefs (animism) were principally beliefs in natural spirits, along with ancestor worship (atalar kültü). The objects of worship include the sun (güneş), moon (ay), stars (yıldızlar), planets (gezegenler), yer-sub (god of mother earth, god of nature), fire (ateş), water (su), mountains (orman), trees (ağaç), land (toprak), stones (taşve kaya), and the like. This traditional belief influenced the whole nomadic life and was incorporated into the oral literature through the magical power of the language. As such, oral literature is at the heart of Turkic culture. Therefore, understanding their oral literature will help us understand their culture and literature, while giving us further insight into the multicultural aspects of modern society.
Abstract
Turkic literature (Türk Edebiyatı) is a long-standing common cultural heritage shared by Turkey and the countries of Central Asia based on oral traditions. In Turkic culture, oral traditions are not only the literary poetry of rhyme and rhythm but are also the basis for modern folk songs, funeral songs, plays, games, and the like. Prior to Islamization, oral literature was conveyed by shamans (Kam) in religious rituals (dinitöreni), festivals (şölen), hunting ceremonies (sığır), and rites of passage, based on celestial thought and shamanism. The shaman was a political leader, priest, artist, therapist (doctor), and mentor; in other words, he(she) led the tribe, of which he(she) was the focal point. As Islam gradually consolidated its power in tribal nations, the original functions of shamans weakened. The shaman was later transformed into an ozan, performing only some of the functions of a bard, storyteller, and narrator. As literature has passed through the era of mythology, which has a shamanic nature, recording history in mysterious terms, an era of literature functioning only in the artistic realm has arrived. Oral traditions have subsequently been written down and passed down, as with the changing process of oral literature. Pre-Islamic Turkic oral literature reflects the Turks' view of the universe, the world, humans, life, and death, and is a valuable resource for examining their faith, tradition, and customs. More specifically, before the arrival of Islam, celestial thought (Göktanrıcılık), shamanism, totemism (wolf, deer, eagle, etc.), animism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism had considerable influence on the Turkic tribes. In particular, the Turks' main beliefs (animism) were principally beliefs in natural spirits, along with ancestor worship (atalar kültü). The objects of worship include the sun (güneş), moon (ay), stars (yıldızlar), planets (gezegenler), yer-sub (god of mother earth, god of nature), fire (ateş), water (su), mountains (orman), trees (ağaç), land (toprak), stones (taşve kaya), and the like. This traditional belief influenced the whole nomadic life and was incorporated into the oral literature through the magical power of the language. As such, oral literature is at the heart of Turkic culture. Therefore, understanding their oral literature will help us understand their culture and literature, while giving us further insight into the multicultural aspects of modern society.
참고문헌 (54)
- 오은경, "오우즈 투르크와 우즈베크 영웅서사시의 상호텍스트성 연구: 「밤스 베이렉(BAMSI BEYREK)」과 『알퍼므쉬(Alpomish)』를 중심으로", 중동연구, 35(3), pp.151~184 (2017), 중동연구소
- 오은경, "알타이 투르크족의 카이치 전통 연구", 한국중동학회논총, 37(2), pp.205~230 (2016), 한국중동학회[DOI]
- 오은경, "투르크 구전서사시의 샤머니즘적 모티프 연구", 중동문제연구, 14(3), pp.117~147 (2015), 중동문제연구소
- 오은경, "투르크 영웅서사시와 무가의 상관성 연구", 중동연구, 34(2), pp.209~230 (2015), 중동연구소
- 오은경, "유라시아 투르크 명창 문화의 초국가적 실크로드 무형문화유산으로서의 가능성 연구", 슬라브학보, 31(3), pp.183~218 (2016), 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
- 양민지, "한국 문화콘텐츠 시장에서의 활용을 위한 튀르크 설화 발굴", 중동문제연구, 17(2), pp.71~119 (2018), 중동문제연구소[DOI]
- 이유진, "중국을 빗어낸 여섯 도읍지 이야기" (2018), 메디치미디어
- 이용성, "돌궐 비문 연구" (2008), 제이앤씨
- 임재해, "마을민속 조사연구 방법" (2007), 민속원.
- 임재해, "민속문화론" (1986), 文學과 知性社
- 임재해, "韓國民俗學의 課題와 方法" (1986), 정음사
- 송석하, "민속학의 정의" (2018), 온이퍼브
- 최운식, "한국 구전설화집 10-예산 편" (2005), 민속원
- Akar, Ali, "Türk Dili Tarihi" (2006), Ötüken yay
- Albayrak, Nurettin, "Ansiklopedik halk edebiyatı terimleri sözlüğü" (2004), L&M Yayıncılık
- Alptekin, Ali Berat, "Alper Tunga Destanı'nın Yeni Bir Kaynağı Olarak: Süleymannâme", Journal of Turkish Language and Literature, 5(2), pp.127~143 (2019)
- Artun, Erman, "Dini Tasavvufi Halk Edebiyatı" (2008), Kitapbevi
- Artun, Erman, "Türk Halk Edebiyatına Giriş" (2004), Kitabevi
- Atalay, Besim, "Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi" (1998), TDK
- Atsız, Hüseyin Nihal, "Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi" (2016), Ötüken
- Bakır Sıddık, "On Bin Yılın Türküsü Adlı Eser Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme", Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi Sayı, (2, pp.1) (2013), 306~318
- Belek, Kayrat, "Eski Türklerde At ve Kültürü", Gazi Türkiyat, Bahar, 16, pp.111~128 (2015)
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet, "Türk Dili Tarihi, 4" (2001), Baskı, Alfa yay
- Demir, Nurettin, "Türk Dili El Kitabı" (2003), Grafiker yay
- Elçin, Şükür, "Halk Edebiyatına Giriş" (2013), Akçağ yay
- Elçin, Şükür, "Türk Dilinde Destan Kelimesi ve Mefhumu", Türk Kültürü, Ⅵ(63), pp.14~23 (1968)
- Ercilasun, Ahmet B, "İslamiyet Öncesi Türk Edebiyatı", Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Ansiklopedisi, C(4), pp.441~448 (1985)
- Erşahin, İbrahim, "Halk Kültürü ve Edebiyatı Sözlüğü" (2011), Ötüken yay
- Esen, Ahmet Şükrü, "Anadolu Destanları" (1999), T.C. Kültğr Bakanlığı yay
- Göçgün, Önder, "Türk Dünyası Edebiyat Tarihi 1" (2001), Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Başkanlığı yay
- Görkem İsmail, "Türk Dünyasında Yas Törenleri ve Ağıtlar", Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Dergisi, (77), pp.157~188 (1992)
- Gülensoy, Tuncer, "Türkçe El Kitabı" (2000), Akçağ yay
- Günay, Ünver, "Türklerin Dini Tarihi" (2015), Berikan yay
- Güzel, Abdurrahman, "Geşmişten Günü,müze Türk Dili ve EdebiyatıTasnifi İçinde Türk Halk Edebiyatı'nın Yeri", Milletlerarası Türk Halk Kültürü Kongresi, 9 (2017)
- Güzel, Abdurrahman, "Türk Halk Edebiyatı El Kitabı" (2012), Akçağ yay
- Hacip, Yusuf Has, "Kutadgu Bilig" (2006), Kabalcıyay
- Karaalioğlu, Seyit Kemal, "Resimli-motifli Türk edebiyatı tarihi 1" (1973), İnkılâp ve Aka Kitabevleri
- Karanas, Mustafa, "Dağdan Çıkış Ergenekon Destanı" (2015), Noetika yay
- Kaya, Doğan, "Türk Halk Edebiyatı Terimleri Sözlüğü" (2010), Akça yay
- Köprülü, M. Fuad, "Türk EdebiyatıTarihi" (2009), Akçağyay
- Oğuz, M. Öcal, "Türk Halk Edebiyatı El Kitabı" (2004), Grafik yay
- Öztürk, Ali, "Türk Destanları" (2009), Pozi if yay
- Öztürk, Ali, "Türk anonim edebiyatı" (1985), Bayrak Yayımcılık-Matbaacılık
- Roux, Jean Paul, "Türklerin Tarihi" (2008), Kabalcı yay
- Sakaoğlu, Saim, "İslamiyet Öncesi Türk Destanları" (2002), Ötüken yay
- Sarı, İbrahim, "Göktürkler" (2017), noktaekitap
- Sarı İbrahim, "Büyük Türk Destanları" (2017), NoktaE-Book yay
- Şahin, Halil İbrahim, "Türkmenistanda Şamanlık Kamlık Gelneğinin Günümüze Yansımaları “ŞAMAN OD” VE “KÜŞTDEPTİ”ö Dil", Edebiyat ve Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergis, 1(1s), pp.183~197 (2013)
- Talat, Tekin, "Türk Dilleri" (1999), Simurg Yay
- Toker Komisyon, "Kaşgarlı Mahmud ve Divan-ı Lugat-it Türk" (1984), Toker Yayınları
- Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü, "Türk Dünyası El Kitabı 1,2" (1992), Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü yay
- Yurdabak, Hüseyin, "Örnekleriyle Türk halk edebiyatı terimler sözlüğü" (1999), Folklor Araştırmaları Kurumu
- "동북아역사넷"[URL]
- "위키페디아"[URL]