하마스의 제도권 진입 과정에 관한 연구
A Study on the Entrance of Hamas into Palestinian Mainstream Politics
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Hamas, a Palestinian radical Islamic movement, has succeeded in developing and building an electoral base in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and has won the Palestinian legislative election in January 2006. In June 2007, Hamas seized key security installations of the Fatah in Gaza Strip and became a de facto ruling party in the area. This article reviews the developmental processes of Hamas and its evolution into a political party which succeeded in entering into Palestinian mainstream institutional politics. This study analyzes the factors, which have contributed for the rising of Hamas as a major actor in the Palestinian political processes and the electoral success, based on the survey data of Palestinian college students and the electorate in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This article pays particular attention to the strategic choices of Hamas in the Palestinian political processes and to the environmental and contextual variables such as political culture and religiosity of the electorate. Many western observers explain the electoral victory of Hamas in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election by social and economic considerations of the Palestinian electorate rather than ideological identification with Hamas's political agenda. The analysis of the survey data, however, reveals that religiosity and Islamic identity of Palestinian students and the electorate were important factors for the Hamas's electoral victory. I suggest that the Hamas's 2006 electoral victory be a reflection of the religious and ideological identification of the Palestinian electorate with Hamas's religious and political agenda due to the corruption of the Fatah government.
Abstract
Hamas, a Palestinian radical Islamic movement, has succeeded in developing and building an electoral base in the West Bank and Gaza Strip and has won the Palestinian legislative election in January 2006. In June 2007, Hamas seized key security installations of the Fatah in Gaza Strip and became a de facto ruling party in the area. This article reviews the developmental processes of Hamas and its evolution into a political party which succeeded in entering into Palestinian mainstream institutional politics. This study analyzes the factors, which have contributed for the rising of Hamas as a major actor in the Palestinian political processes and the electoral success, based on the survey data of Palestinian college students and the electorate in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This article pays particular attention to the strategic choices of Hamas in the Palestinian political processes and to the environmental and contextual variables such as political culture and religiosity of the electorate. Many western observers explain the electoral victory of Hamas in the 2006 Palestinian legislative election by social and economic considerations of the Palestinian electorate rather than ideological identification with Hamas's political agenda. The analysis of the survey data, however, reveals that religiosity and Islamic identity of Palestinian students and the electorate were important factors for the Hamas's electoral victory. I suggest that the Hamas's 2006 electoral victory be a reflection of the religious and ideological identification of the Palestinian electorate with Hamas's religious and political agenda due to the corruption of the Fatah government.
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