الشعر العربي بين الذاتية والموضوعية أبو العلاء المعري نموذجا

Abstract

All of the old Arabic poetry is individual poems. By individual poem it means talking about the experiences of the poet himself. It should be understood that Arab poets do not write the other known types of poetry like the play and the epic. It is just in the modern age from the whole Arabic literary history has the researcher found the play written in Arabic literature when Shawqī (1868-1932), the best known poet of the neo-classical school, wrote the first mature play in 1928. Yet the old Arabic poetry established many objective kinds of Poetry’, or aghrād of Arabic poetry, like panegyric, satire, elegy, asceticism or al-zuhd, and description. Even in affectionate kinds of poetry,the Classical Arabic poetry has gone far beyond being as such individual feelings. The old Arab poets have in their poetry humanitarian implications and insights. However the epic remains one of the types of poetry which the Arab poets have never tried except those of immature attempts of Ahmed Muharram (1877-1945), an Egyptian neo-classical poet. Yet the absence of the epic in Arabic literature is not a defect in Arabic literature as any nation creates the type of art which reflects more its emotions and expresses its dreams. Moreover, what the Arabs have from the Pre-islamic poetry is not less than the value of Iliad and Devine Comedy, the most famous epics in the literary history of the world. Abu al-`Ala’ al-Ma`arri (973-1057), one of the greatest Abbasi poets, wrote in prose his semi-epic resalatu al-ghofrān (Message of Forgiveness) and in his individual poems he touches the epic boundaries in some aspects although he did not write it in the full sense of the word. The implications of his poems which I analized in this study show this very well. The first poem is about an armor talks to a sword and reflects what can be called al-amyahmunagaza al-malh (Two-knight talk before Fight). The second poem is about cock and reflects what has been known as angelic cock in western epics. And finaly, the third poem reflects the tragic fall of the epic hero.