동남아의 수피즘
Sufism in Southeast Asia
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Sufism has played an important role in the dissemination and development of Islam in Southeast Asia. This paper begins with the metaphysics of Sufism, known as the thesis of 'Unity of Being'(wahdat al-wujud) by Ibn al-Arabi, which was interpreted by Malay sufi writers in the 17th century. Then, I focus on how this abstract knowledge has been expressed as visible images in magical practices, literatures, shadow plays(wayang), and everyday rituals like slametan in Indonesia. Against the view that the 'traditional Islam' or Kejawin Islam in Indonesia is a syncretic Islam where Islam is a veneer while Hinduism and animism comprise the content, I stress that shariah-minded Neo-Sufism has deeply penetrated into the 'traditional Islam' in Indonesia. Despite of criticism of modernist Islam and Islamic revival movement(dakwah) in the 20th century, Sufism in Indonesia has managed to survive with its institutional base(pesantren and Nahdlatul Ulama). Recently, there emerges a revival of Sufism especially among the urban middle class in Indonesia, which involves innovative practices adjusting to modern urban life. In contrast to the conventional Sufism, this new trend can be called as 'urban Sufism.'
Abstract
Sufism has played an important role in the dissemination and development of Islam in Southeast Asia. This paper begins with the metaphysics of Sufism, known as the thesis of 'Unity of Being'(wahdat al-wujud) by Ibn al-Arabi, which was interpreted by Malay sufi writers in the 17th century. Then, I focus on how this abstract knowledge has been expressed as visible images in magical practices, literatures, shadow plays(wayang), and everyday rituals like slametan in Indonesia. Against the view that the 'traditional Islam' or Kejawin Islam in Indonesia is a syncretic Islam where Islam is a veneer while Hinduism and animism comprise the content, I stress that shariah-minded Neo-Sufism has deeply penetrated into the 'traditional Islam' in Indonesia. Despite of criticism of modernist Islam and Islamic revival movement(dakwah) in the 20th century, Sufism in Indonesia has managed to survive with its institutional base(pesantren and Nahdlatul Ulama). Recently, there emerges a revival of Sufism especially among the urban middle class in Indonesia, which involves innovative practices adjusting to modern urban life. In contrast to the conventional Sufism, this new trend can be called as 'urban Sufism.'
참고문헌 (64)
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