미국과 이란 간 불신과 갈등의 역사
An Analysis of the Historical Context of Bilateral Relations Between the US and Iran: Distrust and Antagonism Since 1953
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본 논문은 미국과 이란의 갈등과 충돌을 역사적 관점에서 조명하고자 한다. 전 세계에 충격을 안겨다 준 이번 사건의 근본적인 배경이라 할 수 있는 미국과이란 사이 오랜 불신과 갈등의 역사를 1950년대 초부터 시작된 양국 간 주요정치적·군사적 사건 중심으로 연대기 순으로 살펴보고 특히 2019년 5월 이후양국 간 긴장 관계 고조를 불러일으킨 주요 사건에 대한 분석을 통하여 솔레이마니 암살 사건의 배경에 대해 재조명하겠다. 이번 사건이 트럼프 대통령 취임이후 악화된 양국 간 단기 정치적 긴장 관계의 고조에 따른 결과라기보다는1950년대 이후부터 쌓여온 양국 간 오랜 불신과 반목의 역사적 산물이라는 가설 하에 역사적 관점에서 이번 사건을 분석하였다.
Abstract
Due to a United States drone air strike near Baghdad International Airport on January 3rd, 2020, Qasem Soleimani, commander of the Quds Forces, was assassinated along with nine other people including Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, commander of the Iran-backed Kata’ib Hezbollah militia. The military operation was condemned by the Iranian government and many superpowers because Soleimani was not a non-state actor such as Osama bin Laden, but a state actor. Despite anticipated international condemnation and opprobrium, the Trump administration resolutely embarked on taking controversial and dangerous military action against Iran. Soleimani’s killing by the U.S. government sharply escalated tensions between the U.S. and Iran and stoked fears of military conflict, which in the end did not take place. This study will look into the historical context of bilateral relations between the U.S. and Iran. This historical approach will help the reader understand that this military operation did not simply occur with the escalation of political tensions between the two countries. It was the result of a long history based on distrust and antagonism between the U.S. and Iran since 1953.
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