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중동 지역 내 미중 전략경쟁구조 분석: 아브라함 협정과 일대일로를 중심으로

Analysis on the US-China Strategic Competition in the Middle East: Focusing on the Abraham Accords and the BRI

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주제분류종교학

초록

중동 지역을 둘러싼 역동적인 국제정세 구조가 중첩되고 있다. 중동 정세는 안보와 경제 영역이 복합적으로 엮임과 동시에 중동 내 영향력을 유지하려는 미국과 중동에서 일대일로 전략을 심화하려는 중국, 그리고 중동 자체의 역내 역학 구조가 점철되고 있다. 미국-중동, 중국-중동, 중동 역내 구조가 복합적으로 중첩되고 있는 가운데, 이상의 중동 정세에서 아브라함 협정, 일대일로, 홍해 프로젝트는 연계성(Connectivity)의 측면에서 주목해야 할 다자간 개발 프로젝트이다. 이런 다자간 개발프로젝트는 각 당사국들 간의 지정학적 전략이 맞물리며 전개되고 있음을 주목해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이상으로 밝힌 중동 지역 내 전개되고 있는 지정학적인 정세를 관찰하면서 미-중동, 중-중동, 중동 역내 정세 등을 종합적으로 정리하고 한다. 이를 위해, 중국의 중동 내 일대일로 전략의 상황, 아브라함 협정을 포함한 미국의 대 중동 전략, 홍해프로젝트 등의 상황을 정리하며 중동을 둘러싼 현재까지의 지정학적 정세 전환을 분석하고자 한다.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the structure of strategic competition between the US and China over the Middle East. First of all, China is expanding the scope of its cooperation with the middle east based on energy resources, industrial cooperation, and infrastructure construction through the Belt and the Road Initiative(BRI). As China is forming a combined maritime network with the Middle East by connecting West Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Mediterranean Sea, the US influence has continued to decrease with in the region. The US dependence on Middle Eastern energy resources have waned after the Shale Revolution which had lead to a certain degree of power vacuum in the Middle East. However, as the BRI successfully expands its connectivity in the Middle East, Trump administration has signed an “Abraham Accords” to form a value chain of its own. By utilizing tradition alliance as an axis, the state of Israel, the US is trying to reengage as a Security –Economic patron in the region. Therefore, along with the analysis on the structure of strategic competition between the US and China over the Middle East, this paper examines whether the Red Sea initiative in the Middle East can be linked to China's BRI and the US's Abraham Accords. Furthermore, this paper seeks to provide the comprehensive perspective on the possible dynamics of BRI, the Abraham Accord, and the Red Sea Initiative in the future.

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