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탈레반 재집권과 아프가니스탄 체제 변혁에 관한 소고

Re-establishment of the Taliban Regime and the State Transformation of the Afghanistan

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주제분류종교학

초록

2021년 아프가니스탄의 탈레반 재집권 사태는 '제2의 베트남', '제국의 무덤', '아프가니스탄 민중의 승리', '미국 패권주의 몰락' 등 다양한 시각으로 평가된다. 각국의 중동 전문가들은 자기가 이야기 하고 싶어 하는 방향으로 이 사태를 규정하고 분석 중이다. 아프가니스탄을 배경으로 벌어진 영국, 러시아, 미국등의 각 제국들의 비극은 제국주의, 공산주의, 민주주의와 같은 이데올로기를 명분으로 내세웠지만 실제는 정파간, 부족간, 국가간 이익 극대화를 위해 각축한 끝에 빚어진 결과물이었다. 인민들의 평등 사회 구축, 시민들의 민주주의 사회 건설 등 각 제국이 이데아라 내세운 이데올로기 안에 아프가니스탄은 없었다. 그 후과를 아프가니스탄인들이 감내하고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문은 아프가니스탄에서 탈레반을 중심으로 전개되고 있는 국가 재건 과정을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 이념과 당위가 아닌 어떠한 과정을 거쳐 탈레반이 재집권 하였으며 아프가니스탄이 탄레반의 집권 2.0 아래 어떠한 체제 변혁이 이루어질지 조망한다.

Abstract

In 2021, the reestablishment of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan is being assessed from various perspectives such as 'the second Vietnam', 'the tomb of empires', 'the victory of the Afghan people', and 'the fall of U.S. hegemony'. Experts from various countries are interpreting and analyzing the situation in the direction they wish to discuss. The tragedies of various empires, including Britain, Russia, and the United States, which unfolded against the backdrop of Afghanistan, were the results of fierce competition for maximizing the interests between factions, tribes, and states under the pretext of ideologies such as imperialism, communism, and democracy. The aftermath is being borne by the Afghan people, who were absent from the ideologies such as the construction of an egalitarian society for the people and the construction of a democratic society for citizens that each empire have implemented as its purpose. This paper, therefore, aims to analyze the process of state transeformation that has centered on the Taliban in Afghanistan after 2021, to examine the processes through which the Taliban regained power, and to project the systemic transformations that will occur under the governance of Taliban 2.0.

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