시론 : 네트워크 분석을 통해 본 아유르바르와다 카안 (元仁宗, 재위 1311-1320) 시기의 元 朝廷
New Insight on the Age of Ayurbarwarda (Ch. Renzong, r. 1311-1320) based on a Network Analysis of Officials
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article examines the officials under the reign of Ayurbarwarda (Ch. Renzong, r. 1311-1320) during the early fourteenth century Mongol rule over China. It adopts a quantitative analysis of the officials in this period, especially applying the network analysis methodology to analyze the relationship and significance of these officials. Previous scholarship has generally neglected this period, and mostly been centered around the factional conflict between the non-Han Chinese faction represented by Temüder (? - 1322) and the more ethnical Han/Han cultural appreciating faction centered around Li Meng 李孟 (1255-1321). Focusing on sixty five individuals of this era, this paper constructs a network database of these individuals based on their official assignments and their names appearing together in governmental documents such as the Institutions of the Yuan Dynasty (Yuandianzhang 元典章). This analysis reveals a few significant points not easily spotted in traditional close reading of texts, and also confirm well known theories on this period. First of all, it reveals that rather well known individuals did not rank high in terms of centrality, while other less known individuals ranked higher than one would expect. For example, an individual named Hasan, the long time holding Junior Chief Councillor of the Secretariat (zhongshuzuochengxiang 中書左丞相) of this period who has no single biographical work dedicated to him, ranked highest in the degree centrality. On the other hand, well known individuals such as Li Meng and Temüder remained relatively low. Second, although clear division between the Han and non-Han officials did not exist, this analysis confirms the theory that the officials of the military and the censorate were mostly dominated by the non-Han officials. In addition to revealing new aspects of the early fourteenth century Yuan rule, this study also demonstrates how digital methodologies can play a role in both analyzing and visualizing results beyond traditional source reading.
Abstract
This article examines the officials under the reign of Ayurbarwarda (Ch. Renzong, r. 1311-1320) during the early fourteenth century Mongol rule over China. It adopts a quantitative analysis of the officials in this period, especially applying the network analysis methodology to analyze the relationship and significance of these officials. Previous scholarship has generally neglected this period, and mostly been centered around the factional conflict between the non-Han Chinese faction represented by Temüder (? - 1322) and the more ethnical Han/Han cultural appreciating faction centered around Li Meng 李孟 (1255-1321). Focusing on sixty five individuals of this era, this paper constructs a network database of these individuals based on their official assignments and their names appearing together in governmental documents such as the Institutions of the Yuan Dynasty (Yuandianzhang 元典章). This analysis reveals a few significant points not easily spotted in traditional close reading of texts, and also confirm well known theories on this period. First of all, it reveals that rather well known individuals did not rank high in terms of centrality, while other less known individuals ranked higher than one would expect. For example, an individual named Hasan, the long time holding Junior Chief Councillor of the Secretariat (zhongshuzuochengxiang 中書左丞相) of this period who has no single biographical work dedicated to him, ranked highest in the degree centrality. On the other hand, well known individuals such as Li Meng and Temüder remained relatively low. Second, although clear division between the Han and non-Han officials did not exist, this analysis confirms the theory that the officials of the military and the censorate were mostly dominated by the non-Han officials. In addition to revealing new aspects of the early fourteenth century Yuan rule, this study also demonstrates how digital methodologies can play a role in both analyzing and visualizing results beyond traditional source reading.
참고문헌 (18)
- "元史" (1976), 中華書局
- "大元聖政國朝典章" (1972), 國立故宮博物院
- 陳高華, "元典章: 大元聖政國朝典章" (2011), 天津古籍出版社
- 권용철, "元代 중ㆍ후기 權臣 정치 연구", 박사, pp.2017
- 김현, "디지털 인문학 = Digital Humanities" (2016), 한국외국어대학교 지식출판원
- 孟繁清, "關於鐵木迭兒的幾個問題", 中国史研究 (2006)
- 王德毅, "元人傳記資料索引" (1979), 新文豐出版公司
- 張帆, "元代宰相制度硏究" (1997), 北京大學出版社
- Birge, Bettine, "Marriage and the Law in the Age of Khubilai Khan: Cases from the Yuan Dianzhang" (2017), Harvard University Press
- Cho, Wonhee, "From Military Leaders to Administrative Experts: The Biography of the “Treacherous Minister” Temüder and his Ancestors", Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques
- Dardess, John W., "Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yüan China" (1973), Columbia University Press
- Farquhar, David, "The Government of China under Mongolian Rule: A Reference Guide" (1990), Steiner
- Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing, "The Cambridge History of China : Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368", pp.490~560 (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Hsiao, Ch’i-ch’ing, "The Military Establishment of the Yuan Dynasty" (1978), Harvard University Press
- Jacomy, Mathieu, "ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software", PLoS ONE, 9(6) (2014)
- Newman, Mark, "Networks: An Introduction" (2010), Oxford University Press
- Padgett, John F., "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434", American Journal of Sociology, 98(6) (1993)
- Wasserman, Stanley, "Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications" (1994), Cambridge University Press