몽골 볼간 아이막 바양노르 솜 울란 헤렘 벽화묘 연구

Abstract

From July to September in 2011, the joint research team of Mongolia and Kazakhstan has excavated a wall painted tomb at Ulaan Kherem, Bayannuur sum, Bulgan province, Mongolia. The tomb is the first excavated mural tomb in Mongolia to date. The tomb is approximately dated to the 7th centuries. The structure and mural subjects of the tomb, which are similar to those mural tombs in the subsidiary burials of the Zhaoling, the tomb of Tang Taizong, follow the tradition established by the nomadic people like Xianbei in the late Northern Dynasties from the 6th century. Not only the tomb structure and murals but also the burial objects from the Ulaan Kherem Tomb clearly exhibit the tastes of nomadic people residing along the Silk Road and the Stepp Route. In order to understand the characteristics of the Ulaan Kherem Tomb, I analyzed painting subjects and compare them with Chinese examples. In the stylistic analysis of figure paintings, those in the Ulaan Kherem Tomb resemble the figures in the subsidiary burials of the Zhaoling constructed in the second half of the 7th century. Some of the Zhaoling mural tombs belong to the Turk origin occupants. Next, I examined another recently excavated Turk period tomb(678) at Zaamar sum, Tuv province from which a stone tomb epitaph was excavated. The tomb occupant belonged to Pugu tribe. The Zaamar Tomb helps us date the Ulaan Kherem Tomb to the second half of the 7th century, especially around 650s-670s. The stylistic analysis of wall paintings and burial objects from the Ulaan Kherem Tomb also suggests that the tomb can be dated to around 650s-670s. It was during the Tang occupational period after the collapse of the 1st Turk Empire. It is possible that the Pugu ruler governing Today’s Bayannuur region invited a Chinese artisan to construct his tomb, but he certainly embodied his nomadic tastes and culture into his burial exhibited by the burial practice and rich gold and silver ornaments, which were the result of the broad interactions from Byzantine to China.