19세기 말-20세기 초기 내몽골 동부의 사회 변화와 하이산
Social Change in Eastern Inner Mongolia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and Khaisan
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the early life and activities of Khaisan, an official from Kharchin, Inner Mongolia, who is a symbolic figure of the Mongolian independence and national unity movement in 1911. Khaisan's hometown is the first place where Chinese immigration began in Inner Mongolia. The migration of Chinese was accompanied by the clearing of pastures, and for this reason, conflicts between Chinese and Mongolians appeared sharply early in his hometown. In this situation, Khaisan moved to Harbin due to the conflict with Chinese, and from there went to Khuree again, and played a leading role in national independence, and was appointed as a high-ranking official of the new government to try to build a new country. However, his efforts for Mongolia's complete independence and national unity led to conflicts with Russia, a supporter of independence and pro-Russian officials, suffered political hardship, and returned to Beijing after independence was revoked by the Kyakhta Treaty in 1915. In this respect, his life course shows almost all aspects of the rise and fall of Mongolian nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite this importance, studies on it are very few. In particular, there is a lack of account of his early life and why he left his homeland. So far, research has mainly explained the reason why he left his hometown only in conflicts with Chinese. However, data confirm that conflicts and confrontations within the Mongolian ruling class also urged him to leave his hometown. And this is one of the important reasons why the national unity movement developed with the Declaration of Independence was thwarted. With this in mind, I looked at the background of Khasan's growth and rise, the migration of Chinese and the resulting social changes in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, and the background of his migration to Harbin.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the early life and activities of Khaisan, an official from Kharchin, Inner Mongolia, who is a symbolic figure of the Mongolian independence and national unity movement in 1911. Khaisan's hometown is the first place where Chinese immigration began in Inner Mongolia. The migration of Chinese was accompanied by the clearing of pastures, and for this reason, conflicts between Chinese and Mongolians appeared sharply early in his hometown. In this situation, Khaisan moved to Harbin due to the conflict with Chinese, and from there went to Khuree again, and played a leading role in national independence, and was appointed as a high-ranking official of the new government to try to build a new country. However, his efforts for Mongolia's complete independence and national unity led to conflicts with Russia, a supporter of independence and pro-Russian officials, suffered political hardship, and returned to Beijing after independence was revoked by the Kyakhta Treaty in 1915. In this respect, his life course shows almost all aspects of the rise and fall of Mongolian nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite this importance, studies on it are very few. In particular, there is a lack of account of his early life and why he left his homeland. So far, research has mainly explained the reason why he left his hometown only in conflicts with Chinese. However, data confirm that conflicts and confrontations within the Mongolian ruling class also urged him to leave his hometown. And this is one of the important reasons why the national unity movement developed with the Declaration of Independence was thwarted. With this in mind, I looked at the background of Khasan's growth and rise, the migration of Chinese and the resulting social changes in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, and the background of his migration to Harbin.
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