1865~1866년 러시아-부하라 외교 교섭과 이에 대한 러시아 측의 평가 ― 러시아 오리엔탈리즘적 관점을 중심으로 ―
Tsarist Russia’s Representation on the Russia-Bukhara Diplomatic Contacts in 1865~1866: From the Perspective of Russian Orientalism
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The Great Game theory and Orientalism of the British and Russian empires developed and fed each other during the mid-19th century. Russia’s adoption of its own “civilizing mission” toward Central Asia in the 1860s accelerated such a trend. Tsarist Russia sought to expand its boundary, arguing for the necessity of establishing a stable borderline with the Khoqand khanate. After the Russian conquest of Tashkent, General Cherniaev made diplomatic contacts with the Bukhara Manghit dynasty, which had been holding a regional hegemony in the region. However, the Russian delegation dispatched from Tashkent was detained for seven months by Bukhara’s ruler Amīr Muẓaffar. Although detaining diplomatic envoys was not uncommon in Central Asia, Russians took advantage of this event and claimed that this proved the character of Central Asia as savage and uncivilized society. In addition, the Russian generals exploited the detention as the pretext for their use of military force. The knowledge created by the Russian envoys who returned from the delegation contributed to Russia’s Orientalist argumentation. Interestingly, their description reveals an important feature inherent in Russian Orientalism: the multiple layers of dichotomy derived from Russia’s circumstances straddling both Europe and Asia.
Abstract
The Great Game theory and Orientalism of the British and Russian empires developed and fed each other during the mid-19th century. Russia’s adoption of its own “civilizing mission” toward Central Asia in the 1860s accelerated such a trend. Tsarist Russia sought to expand its boundary, arguing for the necessity of establishing a stable borderline with the Khoqand khanate. After the Russian conquest of Tashkent, General Cherniaev made diplomatic contacts with the Bukhara Manghit dynasty, which had been holding a regional hegemony in the region. However, the Russian delegation dispatched from Tashkent was detained for seven months by Bukhara’s ruler Amīr Muẓaffar. Although detaining diplomatic envoys was not uncommon in Central Asia, Russians took advantage of this event and claimed that this proved the character of Central Asia as savage and uncivilized society. In addition, the Russian generals exploited the detention as the pretext for their use of military force. The knowledge created by the Russian envoys who returned from the delegation contributed to Russia’s Orientalist argumentation. Interestingly, their description reveals an important feature inherent in Russian Orientalism: the multiple layers of dichotomy derived from Russia’s circumstances straddling both Europe and Asia.
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