유아의 표상발달에 관한 연구 : 마음의 이론을 중심으로
The Representational Development of Infant : Be Focused on Theory of Mind
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본 연구는 3, 4, 5세 유아의 표상(representation)발달을 알아보기 위해 최근 인지발달 분야에서 큰 관심을 모으고 있는 ‘마음의 이론’(theory of mind)을 기초로 하였다. 이를 위해 표상발달을 측정하는 세 가지 과제 즉, 가상-실제 구분과제, 외양-실제 구분과제, 실제와 다른 신념과제로 나누어 연령별, 성별, 과제유형별로 어떠한 발달양상을 이루고 있는지를 실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 먼저 가상‐실제에 대한 표상능력, 외양‐실제에 대한 표상능력, 실제와 다른 신념에 대한 표상능력을 알아본 결과, 3세와 4세 사이에서 급격하게 발달하였으나 4세와 5세 간에는 발달적 변화가 거의 없었다. 또한 가상-실제 구분과제, 외양-실제 구분과제, 실제와 다른 신념과제를 통한 유아의 표상능력을 알아본 결과, 3세, 4세, 5세 유아 모두 가상-실제에 대한 표상을 가장 먼저 발달시켰으며, 외양-실제에 대한 표상을 그 다음으로 실제와 다른 신념에 대한 표상을 가장 늦게 발달시키는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the development tendency infant's mental representations in the pretense task, the appearance-reality and in the false belief task and to explain the effect of ages 3, 4, and 5 and what is the first developed domain of this three domains in age of each infant. The subjects were 78 infants, 13 boys and 13 girls each at the ages of 3, 4 and 5. The test materials are consisted of pretense task, appearance-reality task and false belief task which had four subtasks of each type. The data were collected by individual testing and analyzed by three-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The following conclusions were obtained from the results and discussion of the study. First, mental representation of pretense domain rapidly develop between 3 and 4-year-olds and hardly develops between 4 and 5-year-olds. Seconds, mental representations of appearance-reality domain rapidly develops between 3 and 4-year-olds, whereas did not show particular differences. Third, mental representations of false belief domain rapidly develops between 3 and 4-year-olds and hardly develops between 4 and 5-year-olds. Fourth, under the relation of development between type of Age, the development tendency and revealed in order of pretense task, appearance-reality task and false belief task to three age and mental representation to 4, 5 age. Fifth, there was no significant difference according to gender or type of tasks.
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