수형자의 영성 : 마음챙김 명상을 중심으로
Spirituality in Prison : An Emphasis on Mindfulness-based Meditation
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수형자들은 수용생활 동안 우울, 불안, 분노, 두려움, 소외감, 무력감, 그리고 그리움 등으로 인한 심리적 고통을 겪는다. 대부분의 수형자들은 인생의 중반기에 도달한 사람들로써 정신적 번민과 신앙문제에 대한 상담의 필요성을 절실히 느끼고 있다. 수형자들의 이러한 심리적 고통을 감소시켜 줄 치유 프로그램의 개발은 매우 중요하다. 치유 프로그램인 마음챙김 명상은 고통의 소멸을 목표로 하기 때문에 수형자들의 전인적 안녕을 가져오게 하는데 매우 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있다. 마음챙김 명상은 이완, 노출효과를 통한 둔감화/탈민감화, 탈자동화/탈습관화, 수용/수용적 자기관찰, 탈동일시/탈중심화/거리두기 등의 치료적 기제를 통하여 수형자들이 자신을 좀더 객관적으로 바라보고, 정신적 번민을 극복하게 하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 그러므로 마음챙김 명상은 수형자들이 교도소에서 경험했던 심리적 고통을 극복하게 하며, 사회복귀 이후 재범 방지에도 도움을 줄 수 있다.
Abstract
During their prison term, prisoners suffer serious psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, anger, fear, feeling of isolation, helplessness and longing. Along with these mental distress, their religious/spiritual concern, which are common to inmates most of whom are going through their midlife, is another main cause that lead them to seek for counseling or psychotherapy. In order to meet these inmates' needs, it is quite necessary for clinicians to develop a treatment program which will reduce their psychological distress. Considering its goal to nullify a person's inner pain, mindfulness-based mediation could be an effective treatment approach in enhancing prisoners' overall sense of wellbeing. The mindfulness-based meditation provides people a chance to observe/watch themselves in distance which will eventually strengthen their capacity to tolerate/overcome their mental distress. The followings are the therapeutic technique/ mechanism commonly adopted in the mindfulness-based mediation: Relaxation, exposure, desensitization, dehabituation, acceptance/receptive self-observation, and de-identification/decentering/distancing. Through practicing these diverse techniques of mindfulness-based meditation, inmates could learn both how to tolerate/overcome their psychological distress and how to keep a tight rein over an impulsive violent act which could result in them facing another prison term when they return to society.
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