본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

학교기반 RTI 실행: 미국 초등학교의 사례 연구

School-based RTI: A Case Study of P Elementary School in the Midwest USA

0

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류교육학

초록

본 사례 연구는 학습장애 진단 모형으로 제시된 RTI를 실행하고 있는 미국 중서부지방의 중소도시에 소재한 P초등학교를 분석하였다. 이 초등학교는 해당 시교육청에서 지정한 RTI 파일럿 학교로서 학교 기반 RTI를 실행해오고 있다. 이 학교 구성원의 RTI 실행에 대한 인식과 RTI 실행과정을 면밀히 살펴보고자, RTI 계획과정과 운영과정에 핵심 인력으로 참여한 7명을 반구조화된 질문에 기초하여 집단 인터뷰하였으며, 평가 팀 회의를 비롯한 각종 RTI 관련 팀 회의에 참여 관찰하였으며, RTI 관련 학교 자료들을 수집하였다. 주요 테마로 RTI 실행에 대한 학교 구성원의 긍정적인 인식, 3단계-RTI 실행과정: 읽기와 수학, 쓰기 영역으로의 RTI 확대, 정기적인 팀 회의를 통한 지속적인 의견 수렴 및 결정: 중재 및 측정 과정에 대한 성찰이 도출되었다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결과에 대한 논의를 통해 성공적인 RTI 실행을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

RTI is an alternative model for the classification of learning disabilities. This study analyzed P elementary school located in Midwest USA. P school is one of RTI pilot schools in the state and has implemented RTI for 4 years. For the study, 7 main members were group-interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire regarding the development and implementation of school-based RTI. The author observed various RTI team meetings, and collected school documents and meeting records related to the school RTI. Major themes include positive perception of school members on RTI implementation, 3-tiered RTI implementation: escalation of RTI to the areas of reading, math and writing, and continuous opinion collection and decision making through team meetings: reflection on intervention and measurement. Several insights for successful school-based RTI implementation are suggested based on the results from this study.

참고문헌 (51)

  1. AL Otaiba, S., "Assessment data-informed guidance to individualize kindergarten reading instruction : Findings from a cluster-randomized control field trial", Elementary School Journal, 111(4), pp.535~560 (2011)
  2. Ardoin, S. P., "Application of three-tiered response to intervention model for instructional planning, decision making, and the identification of children in need of services", Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 23(4), pp.362~380 (2005)
  3. Batsche, G., "Response to Intervention: Policy considerations and implementation" (2006), National Association of State Directors of Special Education, Inc
  4. Bender, W. N., "Response to intervention: A practical guide for every teacher" (2007), Corwin Press
  5. Berkely, S., "Implementation of response to intervention : A snapshot of progress", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(1), pp.85~95 (2009)
  6. Clarke, B., "The impact of a comprehensive tier 1 core kindergarten program on the achievement of students at risk in mathematics", The Elementary School Journal, 111(4), pp.56584~ (2011)
  7. Compton, D. L., "Selecting at-risk readers in first grade for early intervention : A two-year longitudinal study of decision rules and procedures", Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, pp.394~409 (2006)
  8. Compton, D. L., "Selecting at-risk first-grade readers for early intervention : Eliminating false positives and exploring the promise of two-stage gated screening process", Journal of Educational Psychology, 102, pp.327~341 (2010)
  9. Darling-Hammond, L., "Teaching as the learning professions: Handbook of policy and practice", pp.376~411 (1999), Jossey-Bass
  10. Denton, C. A., "Validity, reliability, and utility of the Observation Survey of Early Literacy Achievement", Reading Research Quarterly, 41(1), pp.8~34 (2006)
  11. Donovan, M. S., "Minority students in specual and gifted education" (2002), National Academy Press
  12. Ehren, B. J., "Using the content literacy continuum® as a framework for implementing RTI in secondary school", Theory into Practice, 49(4), pp.315~322 (2010)
  13. Fisher, D., "Implementing RTI in a high school : A case study", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 46(2), pp.99~114 (2013)
  14. Fletcher, J. M., "Response to intervention : Preventing and remediating academic difficulties", Child Development Perspectives, 3(1), pp.30~37 (2009)
  15. Fuch, D., "Introduction to response to intervention: What, why, and how valid is it?", Reading Research Quarterly, 41, pp.93~99 (2006)
  16. Fuchs, L. S., "Two-stage screening for math problem-solving difficulty using dynamic assessment of algebraic learning", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 44(4), pp.372~380 (2011)
  17. Fuchs, L. S., "Responsiveness-to-intervention : A decade later", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(3), pp.195~203 (2012)
  18. Gerber, M. M., "Teachers are still the test : Limitations of response to instruction strategies for identifying children with learning disabilities", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(6), pp.506~524 (2005)
  19. Assisting students struggling with reading: Response to intervention and multi-tier intervention for reading in the primary grades. A practice guide, "Gersten, R.", U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, ~, pp.NCEE 2009-4045 (2008)
  20. Gersten, R., "Close to the classroom is close to the bone: Coaching as a means to translate research into classroom practice", Exceptional Children, 62, pp.52~66 (1995)
  21. Gersten, R., "RTI(Response to intervention) : Rethinking special education for students with reading difficulties(Yet again)", Reading Research Quarterly, 41(1), pp.99~108 (2006)
  22. Haager, D., "Validated practices for three-tiers of reading intervention" (2007), Paul H. Brooks
  23. Harris, K. R., "Practice-based professional development and self-regulated strategy development for tier 2, at-risk writers in second grade", Contemporary Educational Psychology, 40, pp.5~16 (2015)
  24. 홍성두, "중재반응모형을 활용한 수학 학습장애 위험군의 하위유형 분류 가능성 탐색 - 잠재성장계층분석을 중심으로 -", 특수아동교육연구, 13(2), pp.393~413 (2011), 한국특수아동학회
  25. "National implementation of response to intervention(RTI): Research summary" (2008)[URL]
  26. 정대영, "미국의 반응중심 중재법 채택이 국내 학습장애 진단평가 정책에 주는 시사점", 특수아동교육연구, 12(2), pp.53~76 (2010), 한국특수아동학회
  27. 정광조, "중재반응모형의 적용 가능성 탐색 연구", 특수교육학연구, 44(2), pp.315~341 (2009), 한국특수교육학회
  28. Jimerson, S. R., "Handbook of response to intervention: The science and practice of assessment and intervention", pp.3~9 (2007), Springer
  29. Johnson, E., "Responsiveness to intervention (RTI): How to do it" (2006), National Research Center on Learning Disabilities
  30. Johnston, P. H., "An instructional frame for RTI", Reading Teacher, 63, pp.602~604 (2010)
  31. Johnston, P. H., "Response to intervention in literacy : Problems and Possibilities", The Elementary School Journal, 111(4), pp.512~534 (2011)
  32. 강영심, "예비교사를 위한 특수교육학개론" (2010), 서현사
  33. Kavale, K. A., "Response to intervention : Separating the rhetoric of self-configuration form the reality of specific learning disability identification", Learning Disability Quarterly, 31(3), pp.135~150 (2008)
  34. 김혜영, "중재반응모형에 의한 수학학습장애학생의 선별 과정", 특수교육연구, 17(2), pp.276~300 (2010), 국립특수교육원
  35. 김용욱, "수학학습장애 진단을 위한 웹기반 중재반응모델 진단ㆍ평가 시스템 개발", 특수교육저널:이론과 실천, 12(3), pp.239~273 (2011), 한국특수교육문제연구소
  36. 김용욱, "수학 학습곤란 아동의 연산능력 향상과 학습장애 위험학생의 선별을 위한 학교기반 중재반응모델 개발에 대한 연구", 특수교육저널:이론과 실천, 12(1), pp.229~260 (2011), 한국특수교육문제연구소
  37. 김용욱, "수학학습장애 진단 및 수학학습부진 중재를 위한 학교기반 중재반응모델의 적용에 대한 연구", 특수교육저널:이론과 실천, 13(1), pp.257~281 (2012), 한국특수교육문제연구소
  38. 이대식, "초등학교 교사들이 인식한 중재-반응(RTI) 접근법의 적용 가능성", 특수아동교육연구, 11(3), pp.221~235 (2009), 한국특수아동학회
  39. 이대식, "한국형 중재-반응(RTI) 접근법의 조건", 특수교육학연구, 44(2), pp.343~369 (2009), 한국특수교육학회
  40. 이성환, "교육과정중심측정에 의한 연산능력과 수학 학업성취간 상관에 대한 종단연구", 특수교육저널:이론과 실천, 11(2), pp.455~483 (2010), 한국특수교육문제연구소
  41. 이태수, "중재반응 모델에 근거한 수학학습장애학생의 연산능력 발달패턴 탐색 및 분석", 특수교육연구, 12(2), pp.331~351 (2005), 국립특수교육원
  42. 이태수, "문장제 문제에 대한 일반아동과 저성취아동 및 수학학습장애아동의 중재반응 특성 비교 분석", 정서·행동장애연구, 23(1), pp.187~210 (2007), 한국정서·행동장애아교육학회
  43. Mellard, D., "RTI tier structures and instructional intensity", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25(4), pp.217~225 (2010)
  44. "2014 특수교육통계" (2014), 교육부[URL]
  45. Renyi, J., "Building learning into the teaching job", Educational Leadership, 55(5), pp.70~74 (1998)
  46. Sansosti, F. J., "Viewing response-to-intervention through an educational change paradigm: What can we learn?", The California School Psychologist, 13, pp.55~67 (2008)
  47. Scanlon, D. M., "Reducing the incidence of early reading difficulties : Professional development for classroom teachers versus direct interventions for children", Learning & Individual Differences, 18(3), pp.346~359 (2008)
  48. 서유진, "일반교사들과 특수교사들의 중재반응(RTI)모델에 대한 실행 필요성과 가능성 인식정도 차이", 특수교육, 9(1), pp.39~70 (2010), 특수교육연구소
  49. VanDerHeyden, A. M., "A multi-year evaluation of the effects of response to intervention(RTI)model on identification of children for special education", Journal of School Psychology, 45, pp.225~256 (2007)
  50. Vellutino, F. R., "Response to intervention as a vehicle for distinguishing between children with and without reading disabilities : Evidence for the role of kindergarten and first-grade interventions", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(2), pp.157~169 (2006)
  51. Wixson, K., "A systemic view of RTI research : Introduction to the special issue", The Elementary School Journal, 111(4), pp.503~510 (2011)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (12건)