청소년 비행에 대한 개인, 가정, 학교, 지역사회의 영향력 비교

Abstract

This study examines the relative effects of various factors such as individual personality, family attachment, school environment, and community climate in explaining juvenile delinquent behaviors. As the analytical tools, it uses a variety of previous theories such as the self-control theory, the self-esteem theory, the social control theory, the social disorganization theory and the routine activities theories. Using survey of 1,122 middle- and high school students, it estimates their personal attributes and attitudes and perceptions about their parents, family school and community. Also, it attempts to find the kind and degree of deviant acts ranging from smoking, cheating, running-away to shotlifting, violent acts, and drug-sniffing. And then it analyzes how individual, family, school, community factors affect these delinquent acts. Analyses are separately conducted by gender and educational status. The findings are as follows: in general, all variables considered in the analyses found to be more or less related with various forms of delinquent acts: Low self-control significantly decreases the frequency of delinquent behavior. Distrust of current educational policy and capacity of teachers seems to increase students' involvement in deviance. The existence of adult entertainment shops such as night clubs, bars, massage parlors, motels induces teens toward delinquency. More specifically, for the middle school students, the most significant factors are school distrust and the street disorder of their residential community. Among high school students, self-control has the most explanatory power. Unlike expectations, family and community contexts have little impacts on their delinquent behaviors. In the case of vocational high school students, adult entertainment shops increase the chances of delinquent behaviors. For both of the male and female students, low self-control hinders their involvement in delinquency. But the community context of adult entertainment zones attracts the young and increases the involvement in deviant acts. Based on these findings, a few policy implications are mentioned.