여성 교정공무원의 직무만족 및 업무노력의 영향요인에 대한 연구: 미국 연방교정국을 중심으로
A Study on Determinants of Female Correctional Officers' Job Satisfaction and Work Efforts: Focused on the Federal Bureau of Prisons
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 여성 교정공무원의 직무만족 및 업무노력의 영향 요인을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 미국 연방교정국의 여성 교정공무원을 대상으로 하여 직무만족과 업무노력을 종속변수로, 내적동기, 참여, 발전지원, 조직공정성 등의 동기요인과 보수만족, 성과주의, 업무량, 물리적 환경 등의 위생요인을 독립변수로, 응답자의 인구통계학적 변수인 관리자, 소수인종, 학력, 근속년수 등을 통제변수로 설정하여 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내적동기가 직무만족과 업무노력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났다. 둘째, 조직공정성 역시 직무만족 및 업무노력 모두에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 성과에 따라 승진 및 보수를 결정하는 성과주의 조직풍토는 직무만족에는 긍정적 영향을 미치지만, 업무노력에는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 성과주의의 확립과 이로 인한 남성과의 공정한 경쟁이 보장된다는 사실에 만족감이 상승함에도 불구하고, 가정 및 직장의 이중부담으로 인하여 스트레스에 더 취약한 여성의 경우 경쟁증가로 인하여 업무노력이 저해되는 부정적 효과가 남성에 비하여 더 큰 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 이와 유사한 결과가 참여적 관리의 효과에서도 관찰되었는데, 여성은 자신의 의견이 조직운영에 반영될 때 만족감이 상승하기는 하지만, 이 역시 자신의 업무부담의 증가를 의미하기 때문에, 이로 인하여 업무노력정도가 오히려 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 해석은 업무량의 적절성이 직무만족 및 업무노력 모두에 성과주의 확립보다 더 큰 영향을 준다는 점에서도 그 정당성이 뒷받침된다.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the factors of job satisfaction of the female correctional officers working in the field units within the U.S. federal bureau of prisons. Analyzing the data from the FEVS 2017 suggests that, first, intrinsic motivation was the greatest factor of job satisfaction of the female correctional officers. Second, organizational justice also had the significant effects on work effort and job satisfaction. Third, the practice of performance management positively affect job satisfaction, while it negatively affect work effort. Fourth, participation also did positively affect job satisfaction, while it negatively affected work effort. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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