《苗蠻圖》와 18세기 청나라 정부의 문명화 프로젝트
Miao Album and the Civilizing Project of the Qing Government in the 18th Century
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This study is on Miao Album, an ethnography which were compiled in the south-western part of China during the 18th century of the first half of Qing dynasty. Miao Album which consists of pictures showing the living conditions of minorities who live in the south-western part of China and texts explaining the pictures. The book provides some information about the residential area, character, religions, cultural conventions, and the means of living of each people resided in the south-western part of China. The first edition of Miao Album was compiled by state officials who governed the frontiers of China during the second half of Kangxi reign period when the south-western part of China was conquered by Qing China and a cultural policy of gaitu guiliu(replacing native chieftains with state officials), a policy of sinicizing minorities residing in the region was carried out and the first half of Qianlong reign period when uprisings by minorities who resisted the oppressive policy of Qing government against them were rampant. The purpose of this paper is to study how Manchu government who built Qing Empire use visual ethnographies like Miao Album to seek hegemony and to find ethnographical concern on others was a cultural phenomenon occurred not only in westerners in early modern period but also in empires in the regions of Eurasia as a process of building nationstate.
Abstract
This study is on Miao Album, an ethnography which were compiled in the south-western part of China during the 18th century of the first half of Qing dynasty. Miao Album which consists of pictures showing the living conditions of minorities who live in the south-western part of China and texts explaining the pictures. The book provides some information about the residential area, character, religions, cultural conventions, and the means of living of each people resided in the south-western part of China. The first edition of Miao Album was compiled by state officials who governed the frontiers of China during the second half of Kangxi reign period when the south-western part of China was conquered by Qing China and a cultural policy of gaitu guiliu(replacing native chieftains with state officials), a policy of sinicizing minorities residing in the region was carried out and the first half of Qianlong reign period when uprisings by minorities who resisted the oppressive policy of Qing government against them were rampant. The purpose of this paper is to study how Manchu government who built Qing Empire use visual ethnographies like Miao Album to seek hegemony and to find ethnographical concern on others was a cultural phenomenon occurred not only in westerners in early modern period but also in empires in the regions of Eurasia as a process of building nationstate.
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