1960년대 경제 엘리트의 진보와 주체 인식－생산성본부 미국시찰단을 중심으로－

Abstract

The modernization project of Korea which focused on economical development was begun in 1960s. The rapid economic growth of South Korea has accelerated that the developmentalism held hegemony in intellectuals. Thus the concepts of the progress and subject began to be appropriated by developmentalism. It meant that the problematic of socio political liberation was substituted by economic problematic. Finally this strategy aimed at the formation of subject suitable for developmentalism. As it were, it intended to make the revolutionary people in April Revolution into the mass of poverty. As the concept of material progress was being diffused, America was suggested as a model of it. The Americanization of economics such as the mode of production, management, labour control, industrial relations and manufacturing technology was a worldwide tendency. Especially in case of South Korea, the 1960s was a crucial decade. Economic elite intellectuals in South Korea took the lead this process and made an inspection of America as one of the means for it. They, bourgeoisie in South Korea, began to represent the world and Korea through their perspective and intended to make it as the common sense of the public. The economic inspection team explained that the secret of the prosperity of America is humanism. This is related with the discourse strategy of Eisenhower administration which emphasized a spiritual value of America to enable her prosperity. Eisenhower insisted that the American sublime is not a large scale of the territory and scientific technology but the spiritual value based on the liberalism. This is a glorification of American capitalism. They used a term ‘everybody capitalism’. It meant that if they could make all the people of South Korea into a capitalist the prosperity would be theirs. In the last analysis, they thought that they had to product Homo Economicus for the material progress.