근대 이행기 중국의 유교 연구 －장즈둥과 량수밍을 중심으로－

Abstract

Confucianism in China during the modern era was conducted to cope with the cultural identity crisis caused by the Western tax tie. On the one hand, in the process of trying to accurately recognize the challenge of a powerful hitter in the modern Western world, and looking for a new departure along with a reflection on the Chinese tradition in need. Zhang zhi-dong's theory of using Chinese substance(中體) and Western function(西用) defines Chinese substance as a relationship of use, but it discusses the relationship between Chinese substance and Western function based on functional, rather than strict logic. Sometimes he discusses Chinese substance and Western function in the framework of Being Sage Inside Being Kingly Outside(內聖外王), and sometimes deals with them from the perspective of essence-end(本末) and main-minor(主輔). As to how the Confucian tradition of China, which is based on a fundamental different principle while embracing the political system of the modern West, can act as a solution to the problem of modern times, Zhang zhi-dong cannot offer a satisfactory solution. Liang shu-ming presents unique cultural theories and new interpretations of Confucianism in the process of solving the problems of science, democracy and religion in the modern western world, which have emerged as a Chinese interest since the tie with the West. For science and democracy, Liang defines Western culture as one of the three types of human culture based on the theory of culture tripology, while placing it at the first stage in the development of human culture. Liang also claim that the Chinese culture should be controlled by intuition, as the intellectual activities of the human brain have gone too far and the modern Western civilization is facing destruction. This leads to the idea of giving universal value to Western modern civilization (science and democracy) and putting it under the control of Chinese traditional culture (Confucianism). On the issue of Confucianism being a religion, Liang suggests Confucian religious theory that it performs the function of religion even though it is not a religion. Furthermore, Confucianism argues that it is superior to other religions because there are no superstitious elements that are complicit with other religions. However, it is necessary to consider whether establishing Confucianism as a religion is the way to revive the original significance of human history of mentality.