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거주국 사회통합과 초국가주의 활동 -중국 지역사례에 대한 경험적 접근-

Social Integration and Transnationalism -Empirical Evidence from China-

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주제분류기타인문학

초록

분석 지평을 확장하는 초국가주의 관점이 이주 연구에서 대두되면서 그간 분석에서 간과되었던 이주자의 모국과의 연계가 중요한 분석지점으로 부상하였다. 이주자의 거주국 사회통합과 모국연계의 초국가주의는 하나의 사회적 과정 속에서 일어나며, 동시에 발생하면서 서로 엮여있다. 본 논문은 초국가주의의 이론적 관점을 한인 이주자에 적용하여 기존의 지배적인 분석인 이주자의 거주국 사회통합을 넘어서 거주국-이주자-모국의 3자적 관계(triadic relation)를 조망한다. 분석을 위해 재외한인 중에서 모국 사회에 유의미한 사회변화를 초래하는 재중 한인을 대상으로 거주국 사회통합, 초국가주의 활동 및 거주국 사회통합과 초국가주의 활동 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 방법론적 종족성을 지양하고 분석단위로서 동족 내부적 분화에 주목하면서 종족성 내부를 가로질러 발현되는 동족 하위 종족성을 형성하고 구분하는 이주 세대에 따른 변이를 분석의 주요 질문으로 삼았다. 연구결과는 이주자의 모국 지향성도 거주국 사회통합과 마찬가지로 일국 단위의 분석을 넘어서야 하며, 같은 논리에서, 독립적으로 존재하기보다는 거주국과 모국 양쪽 국가의 수용 맥락에 따라 유동적이라는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract

The two major concerns in migration studies-migrants’ homeland linkage and assimilation into the host society-have recognized both homeland and hostland engagements of migrants and examine its relationship with the other. However, the empirical relationship between the two involvements of Korean migrants in China has rarely been figured as an object of inquiry despite its compelling importance. And yet, the analysis of mutual implications between the transnationalism and assimilation can be crucial for understanding some of theoretical and practical issues associated with overseas Koreans in general. This article examine both the extent of assimilation and transnational engagement of Korean migrants living in China, with particular emphasis on the temporality of different migrant trajectories that demarcates the boundary of subgroups of coethnicity.

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