박순녀 문학의 젠더 주체와 ‘불온’의 재현 논리

Abstract

This study examined the status of women and the possibilities of political subjectification under the Cold War system in Park Sun-nyeo's novels published in the early 1970s. In the 1960s and 1970s, Park's novels were established as a flow of engagement literature with a focus on the book Certain Paris. In her novels, however, the author addressed a wide scope of topics including women's issues based on gender and love, her experiences of defecting to South Korea, and the issues of political reality. The study, thus, tried to understand the meaning of her literature that has yet to converge into the magnetic field of engagement literature by analyzing the ways she reproduced "rebellion." It was found that "rebellion" was an effective ruling method under the Cold War system with "North Korea" in the background exclusively possessing the gaze of female writers; thus, critically revealing the male-dominant gender system as well as the ruling system of the Cold War. In her novels, Park reproduced women in gender ideology by depicting women in disharmony with men in the family. Even though "rebellion" was a way of disclosing the ruling authority and subjects of the Cold War system, she embodied the women trapped inside the gender ideology in the same structure as "men" under the rule of the Cold War system and accordingly captured both the suppressive political reality and hierarchical gender systems simultaneously. Furthermore, Park opened up the possibilities of resistance by placing women into new places in the Cold War system. Her female characters become "rebellious beings' themselves and try to change the topography of ideologies surrounding them. They also expose the violent principles and unequal gender ethics that sustain the Cold War system through the false structure of the moment that the "rebellious" sense is captured. The "rebellion" reproduced in Park's novels represent a scene to make the characters recognize the suppressive social reality of the Cold War system and is a metaphor to structuralize the reality of women as dual others.