김구 『백범일지』의 민족정신을 통한 백범 서예의 미학적 특징에 관한 고찰

Abstract

In the “Baekbeom Ilji,” Kim Gu passionately argued for the significance of freedom to our nation and the imperative to forge our distinct ideologies and philosophies. He endeavored to encapsulate the essence of culture and art in his calligraphy, to which he ascribed great value. This paper delves into the ideological roots of the “Baekbeom Ilji” and conducts an analysis of his artistic endeavors informed by these principles. It explores the foundational ideas and aesthetic qualities of the national spirit that have shaped the culture and art of the Korean people. First, Kim Gu celebrated life itself as the essence of national vitality, striving to embrace its inherent qualities. This approach aligns with the principles of 不易(unchanging) and 變易(changing) in his philosophy of <不變應萬變>, advocating for a national constancy amidst times of change. This is manifested through the vitality and unpredictability of 陰陽 (Yin and Yang), as demonstrated in works that depict life’s trajectory and dynamism with ‘trembling strokes’. Second, Kim Gu esteemed the virtue of 仁厚之德(benevolence and generosity) as fundamental to human nature, reflecting the aspirations of our ancestors who valued altruism and peace. He highlighted that these national characteristics could enhance our culture’s global admiration, advocating for education that nurtures these traits. This is illustrated by the modification of the character ‘無’ with 𠠴[從] in <仁者無敵>, symbolizing the commemoration of Yoon Bong-gil as the embodiment of 仁 (benevolence). The use of a bold typeface to evoke the resilience of wood further underscores the 厚德性(virtuous nature) of 剛毅木訥(stalwart and simple), reflecting contemplation on the demeanor and expressions of 仁(benevolence). Lastly, Kim Gu posited that the cornerstone for establishing our distinct culture as a nation rests on achieving independence to fully actualize our freedom. In pursuit of this, he aligned with Donghak and wholeheartedly adopted Choi Je Woo’s principle of ‘侍天主’(serving the Heavenly Principle), which honors the dignity of all beings. His commitment to equality and justice is articulated in <公平正直> and <如意>, with a focus on pragmatism in <知行合一>, demonstrating the autonomy of 各知不移 (each knows not to deviate) in his quest to eradicate discrimination and foster peace by acknowledging the unity of humanity and nature.