야율초재(耶律楚材)의 삼교일체론과 그 시대적 배경: 요·금 중원 정신사의 전통 계승과 강화 측면에서

Abstract

Yeluchucai(耶律楚材, 1190-1244) was a midshipman of the Yuan Empire and supported the first emperor Chinggis Khan(成吉思汗, 1162-1227) and the second emperor Ogotai(窩濶台, 1185-1241). He served at close range and laid the foundation for the original empire. Yeluchucai has a high reputation as a great man of the Yuan Dynasty. Based on the theory of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, the Three Teachings, or the Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism in unity, xie jiao such as Kangjiao(糠敎) and Quanzhen School(全眞敎) were defined as heretical and punished, while criticizing Chengzhu School of the Southern Song. Yeluchucai left outstanding achievements in all fields such as poetry, fortunetelling, astronomy, divination, medicine, and government as well as Confucianism and Buddhism. His studies deviate from the common sense of orthodox theory according to the strict theory of Sino-Barbarian dichotomy. He adhered to the idea of ​​unity and prosperity beyond national distinctions, pursued the administrative ideal of Confucianism and appealed to the court, and was evaluated as a behind-the-scenes figure who led the Yuan Empire to adopt Confucianism as a means of governance. receive Yeluchucai is called Zhitianxia jiang(治天下匠), that is, a craftsman who moved the world to run smoothly. The tampering habit of the invader Mongols was reformed through the efforts of Yeluchucai. Furthermore, a battlefield system was established. The words that Yeluchucai suggested to Genghis Khan are still talked about by the population. “Though one can obtain the world on horseback, one cannot rule on horseback(天下得之馬上, 不可以馬上治之).” As Genghis Khan accepted almost all of Yeluchucai’s suggestions, the battlefield and system were equipped, and the empire slowly began to emerge under the blueprint he drew. Yeluchucai decided that it was the demand of the times to solve the main problem of metaphysics through Buddhism, and to achieve the peace of the people through the traditional administration of Confucianism. I judged that Yeluchucai’s Unification Theory of Three Teachings was nothing other than the logic set up to establish the foundation for governance and stabilize the political situation. Therefore, through the contrast between Chengzhu School and two heresies, efforts were made to reconstruct the early ideas of Yeluchucai.