中國 歷史敎科書上의 韓國 關聯 敍述 內容 變化에 대한 檢討 -最近 初級中學 『中國歷史』 敎科書를 中心으로-

Abstract

This essay is to analyze how Korean historical contents are narrated in Chinese history textbooks and how narrations about Korean history are changed in new versions. To understand how neighbor nation's history is written in its own history is essential for mutual understanding between two nations and for positive approach to solution of historical disputes between them. As first steps for the research on the whole Chinese history textbooks of China, I started the analysis of Junior Middle School's Chines History, and left that of Senior Middle School's Chinese history textbooks and World history textbooks as next task. The main textbook that I analyzed is the one that is pressed by People's Education Publishing House, because it is the most generally used in China and it is also difficult for me to examine all the versions. So the other textbooks were examined as auxiliary materials. Following is the abstracted results of the study. First, articles related with Korean history are very simple and short, which is surprisingly remarkable, compared with rich articles about China in National History Textbook used in Korean middle school. Furthermore, the amount of articles about Korea is decreasing in every newly published textbook. On the contrary the articles about Japan is getting relatively rich and abundant in general tendency of decreasing in contents about foreign nations, expecially Korea, which is also surprising. Secondly, articles upon Korean history are described thoroughly in the light of China. They just emphasize transference of Chinese cultures to Korea and show intentions to include as many Korean dynasties as possible into Chinese history. On the contrary the contents about the influences of Korean culture on Chinese culture are not only rare but are decreasing or omitted in every newly published textbooks. And they describe that China have always been peaceful to Korea and have given help when Korea had difficulties. Those historical facts that China conquered Korea several times in the past are throughly ruled out. This means that those textbooks are organized to emphasize that China have played a key role in supplying political stability and cultural benefits with neighbor nations, in view of 'theory of unified multi-national state'The history maps in textbooks have a outstanding tendency to maximize Chinese territory and minimize our Korean territory. And not a few errors in orthography were found. However, maps with errors are at large omitted in newly published textbooks. Analyzing maps in Chinese textbooks, we can find that they have fundamental logical problems in declaring that Korean Dynasties like Ancient Joseon Dynasty, Goguryeo Dynasty and Balhae Dynasty were local political powers of China. In the maps national border lines were drawn between Chinese Dynasties and Korean Dynasties like Goguryeo and Balhae, which means that they recognize Goguryeo and Balhae were not local administrative districts of China, but independent states. Recent Chinese history textbooks have basic trend to include as many national histories or state histories as possible in Chinese history in viewpoint of 'unified multi-national state'. And this trend is also strongly reflected in junior middle school textbooks of Chinese History. And articles about Korea are also judged to be composed according to this general tendency. History must be depicted objectively on the ground of historical facts. And the best countermeasure to history distortion is to approach to the problem with historical method. You can not achieve anything with abstract-conceptional rallying or attacks without concrete grounds. Our effective response to present situation of history disputes with China should be made on this recognition, on which I tried this essay too.