근대 山東 지역 海防 정책과 해양기지의 건설 -威海와 膠州灣 기지건설을 중심으로-

Abstract

The “Sea Defense” policy taken by the Qing dynasty shows China’s perception of the world at that time, regardless of its military strategy. Despite his excellent scientific technique on various fields of the country, he eventually fell into a well-worn frog due largely to the lack of a national-level strategy to actively respond to the outside world. Of course, it is true that the fact that China has never experienced a large-scale invasion from the sea or that the threat of the frontier has always started in the north has lowered the level of the sea defense and made it a strategic military system centered on land power. However, the fact that China, which had the largest battleship in the world until the Ming dynasty, still possessed naval power at the level of the Middle Ages when the Opium War broke out, and that he tried to maintain the system of the heavenly dynasty of China until the second Opium war could indicate that chinese intellectuals at that time still had a serious problem on their perception of outside world. Moreover, like the overlapping and confusion shown by fulfilling chinese westernized reform whose aim was consolidating the governance structure of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions of selecting the naval base in the Qing Dynasty indicated the closed and shortsighted nature of chinese westernized reform. In this paper, we will look at what changes took place in the sea defense policy after the First Opium War, focusing on the Shandong region, and then on how the construction of sea defense led by Li Hong-zhang during the chinese westernized reform. In addition, we will figure out how Germany, which wanted to build a colony with a naval base in East Asia, approached China through their maritime policies and explore how the process of colonizing the Kyōju Bay by Germany has progressed.