宋代 首都의 倉 -그 位置와 管理行政을 中心으로--

Abstract

In case of premodern China, the traffic was not developed relatively to the scale of space. So when people starved, the supplement of food was difficult because of hardship of the transportation. In the capital of Song Dynasty, there was a lot of population included officials and army. So the necessity of the granary facilities was urgent. In Song Dynasty, all of capital granaries(在京倉) were located in and out of Kaifeng(開封) and Hangzhou(杭州) which were convenient for canal transportation. There were about twenty granaries in Northern Song and nine in Southern Song. Consequently the scale of a granary of Southern Song was larger than Northern Song's. In capital granaries, a million or 1.5 million shi(石) of grain was a unit called a jie(界). Therefore, grain of six million shi from South -east China to the capital was come under total 6 unit or 4 unit. And grain was disbursed from first unit by turns. Grain had been classified not only by its kind but by its grade since it put into the capital granaries. Especially the grade of grain was classified from fine, medium and poor(上中下界), or fine and poor(上下界). The grain stored in capital granaries was rice, wheat and bean. In the early Song Dynasty, the government stored these grains in each granary separately(百萬界), or stored together in same granary(五大界). This each system had some problems. So from Shenjong(神宗) times, the capital granaries adopted a new system which was not mixed together(新五界). But there was an overwhelmingly amount of rice. Because of rice granary was occupied for the most part. So it seemed the granary was specified by the grade of rice. In Southern Song Dynasty, the grade of capital granaries(省倉上界, 省倉中界, 省倉下界) succeeded to the system of Northern Song Dynasty. It stored from kinds of rice each other. This grain was provided gradationally according to a social status later.