20세기 전반 韓半島에서 日帝의 勞動市場 관리 -중국인 노동자를 중심으로-

Abstract

With respect to the problem of Chinese laborers in the Korean Peninsula during the Japanese colonial period, it is difficult to find an explanation within the limitations of the Korean Peninsula. For this purpose, it is necessary to put the homeland and transit point, the Shandong Peninsula (山東半島), the Liaodong Peninsula (遼東半島) and Northeast China (華北), the receptor, the Korean Peninsula, and potential settlement, the interior of Japan, in the same category. They were 'free' laborers who moved in the structure of the labor market created by the capitalism in the imperial space in Japan. It is significant to examine what it means for them to act as an agent in a place called Korean Peninsula in the imperial space in Japan. This article outlines this from the perspective of the labor market management by the Empire of Japan. The entry of Chinese laborers into the Korean Peninsula was closely related to the emergence of the Empire of Japan in East Asia. They were gradually drawn into the labor market with the inclusion of China with a focus on Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula and interior of Japan based on Japanese capitalism. They entered into the Korean Peninsula in droves on a migration path under its unfluence. The management policy for the Chinese laborers by the Government-General of Korea was fundamentally different in the principles from the interior of Japan while sharing them with it. In fact, the rules prohibiting labor migration were not applied to foreign workers in the Korean Peninsula. The labor market in the Korean Peninsula was almost 'freely' open to the Chinese laborers without systematic management of the labor market. In this situation, the tension between Korean and Chinese laborers naturally increased. Such a tension constituted not interaction between Korean and Chinese laborers but context mutually synchronized in the imperial space including the interior of Japan. Since the late 1920s, the Government-General of Korea had relatively enhanced the control as social tensions over Chinese laborers increased. This was because the problem of Chinese laborers showed signs of risk factors in the imperial space as it was related to that of Korean laborers about the labor market in the interior of Japan. In this process, there was a move to exclude Chinese laborers from the labor market in the Korean Peninsula due to the enhanced control and conflict between Korean and Chinese laborers. However, the tension between Korean and Chinese laborers increased because they had to coexist in the same labor market in a situation where the entry of free laborers including Koreans into the interior of Japan. The conditions of the Korean and Chinese laborers had to be synchronized with each other in the relation between the structure of the imperial space in Japan and its capitalism.