조선후기 한문학에 나타난 여사(女史)의 형상화 고찰

Abstract

This study considered the figuration of Yeosa(女史) in Sino-Korean Literature in the late Chosun Dynasty. For now, Yeosa(女史) is characterized by being called and shaped in the literature of the Sadaebu(士大夫) or male intellectuals. First, I looked at the meaning of the word Yeosa(女史) and its relationship with the word Yeosa(女士). In the first half of the 16th century, Yeosa(女史) had been meant Female Historian(女史官) in the public record. From the 16th century until the end of the 18th century, Yeosa(女史) also had come to mean Yeosa(女士) in the poem honoring the dead. It was conceptualized that women of Sadaebu(士大夫) family, who had ruled the family well and made her descendants successful based on her virtue, was a Yeosa(女史). Next, I looked at the diversification of Yeosa(女史) and the expansion of meaning categories of Yeosa(女史) since the 18th century. They had considered a woman of Sadaebu(士大夫) who was good at virtue and painting to be Yeosa(女史). In the mid-19th century, the concept of Yeosa(女史) as artists had been expanded. Sadaebu(士大夫) had communicated with Yeosa(女史) through poetry or painting. Yeosa(女史) was applied to women of low social standing, such as Ginyeo(Courtesan), Sosil(Concubine), who were good at poetry, calligraphy and painting. Yeosa(女史) had become the appellation which had encompassed and represented Sihee(詩姬) · Sia(詩娥) · Gyoseo(校書). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Yeosa(女史) of Qing Dynasty and Japan had been depicted. It was the female painter of Qing Dynasty who had been active vigorously from the late 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, and the female painter of Japan who had worked actively from the late 19th century to early 20th century. Women of high social standing who excel in poetry, calligraphy and painting, and those who focused on women's education based on this ability, were called Yeosa(女史). At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the meaning of Yeosa(女史) had been changed in Korea. 『Bonjoyeosa(本朝女史)』 diversified the criteria for selecting Yeosa(女史), and described any special acts regardless of their status. It had expanded the category of Yeosa(女史), and tried to emulate Yeosa(女史) in the face of a national crisis. The 『Poetry Selection of Women of the Orient(東洋歷代女史詩選)』 contained 63 Chosun Yeosa(女史) and 140 of their poems, and women writers who excel in poetry regardless of their social status had been called Yeosa(女史). In this regard, we can see that in the early 20th century, the figuration of Yeosa(女史) had been expanded beyond their status to women with extraordinary achievements in various fields such as virtue, art, learning, and education.