从有效治理到双重逻辑: 中国基层治理的转型
From Effective Governance to Two Level Governance: The Transformation of Chinese Local Governance
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초록
本文从国家建设的角度思考基层治理转型的问题，提炼出政治性和有效性的二维分析框架，解释中国基层治理为何从有效治理转型为兼顾政治性与有效性的双重逻辑，这是对2013年后中国基层治理新变化的提炼与概括。改革开放后，在压力与激励机制的共同作用下，基层政府采取有效治理的策略。有效治理带来了社会经济的巨大发展，却弱化了执政党与群众的联系，侵蚀了政治性，表现为公共服务供给出现失衡、国家与社会的联系纽带较弱、社会稳定受到一定的挑战。党的十八大以来，特别是十八届三中全会后，国家通过一系列举措重建国家政权，基层治理朝着增强政治性的方向转型。基层政府通过增加公共服务供给，解决经济发展与社会服务供给失衡的问题; 通过社会动员推动国家和社会之间的有效连接; 通过加强党建引领社会建设，规范社会的非制度化表达以维持社会秩序。
Abstract
This article analyses the new changes in Chinese local governance after 2013. Based on the perspective of state building, this article extracts a two-dimensional analysis framework of politicality and effectiveness, and explains why Chinese local government has been transforming from effective governance to the dual logic of balancing politicality and effectiveness. After the reform and opening up, under the pressure and incentive mechanism, local governments adopted effective governance strategies which led to huge economic growth, but weakened the relationship between the CPC and the masses, eroded legitimacy of the regime which is the fundamental reason for the transformation of local governance. Since the 18th Central Committee of CPC, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, the CPC has been rebuilding the state’s power through a series of measures which lead to local government has been transforming in the direction of strengthening politicality. The local government increase the supply of public services as well as economic development. It solves the problem of disconnection between the CPC and the masses by social mobilization. It regulates the mass participation by institutionalized methods to maintain social order.