조선 후기 여성 한시와 시경

Abstract

This article, under the title of ‘Shijing(詩經, Book of Poetry) and the female Sino-Korean poetry in the late Choseon(朝鮮) period’, tries to (1)figure out the context where Shijing was used to advocate female poetry writing and (2)analyze the Shjing-style poems written by late Choseon women to understand how Shijing specifically influenced the female poetry writing in detail. Female poetry writing and the publication of female poetry collections started to prevail after mid 16th century, and as a result, the justification of female poetry was required. When the Sino-Korean works of male literati were the mainstream literature, female poetry writing was often justified under the name of ‘Womanly Virtue’(婦德). Male literati argued that women with Womanly Virtue were allowed to write poetry in the tradition of Zhounan(周南) or Zhaonan(召南) because in Zhounan and Zhaonan chapters of Shijing there were poems composed by virtuous women. However, such an argument emphasizing Womanly Virtue as a ground for female poetry writing was somewhat different from the justification of middle-class(閭巷人) poetry or vernacular Korean poetry, where Shijing was combined with the Theory of Natural Essence(天機論). There were some good examples of Shijing-style poetry written by women in the late Choseon period, such as Silver Hair(鶴髮)by Mrs. Chang(張氏), mother of Yi Hyeonil(李玄逸), On My Sister’s Wedding Day(送兄于歸) by Kim Sameuidang(金三宜堂) and The Expansive Garden(坦園) by Kang Jeongildang(姜靜一堂). Mrs. Chang’s Silver Hair was a poem about a dispersed family, focusing on the mother-son relationship. Kim Sameuidang’s On My Sister’s Wedding Day was a poem expressing women’s complex feelings toward marriage in a patriarchal society. Kang Jeongildang’s The Expansive Garden was composed in a four-syllable multi-stanza style, but not in a repetitive stanza style, so the poem could have a more elegant flavor, suited to express hermit scholar’s lifestyle, which she encouraged to her husband. Each of these three poets had poetical achievements, combining the ancient literary tradition of Shijing with their own life experiences.