상하이협력기구의 확장과 중국의 제도적 전략
Expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and China’s Institutional Strategy
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중국의 지역 다자외교에서, 상하이협력기구(SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organization)는 중국이 그 설립과 발전 과정에 적극적으로 참여하면서 주도적인 역할을 해온 대표적인 지역 다자기구로서, 중국이 자국의 이익과 목표에 부합하도록 지역 질서를 변화시키기 위해 어떠한 제도적 전략을 활용해 왔는지를 살펴볼 수 있는 중요한사례라고 볼 수 있다. 하지만 SCO의 설립 및 제도화 과정에서 중국의 참여와 전략에관한 연구는 많이 있었지만, 최근 SCO의 발전 및 확장 과정에서 중국이 자신의 이익을수호하고 장기적인 전략적 목표를 실현하기 위해 어떠한 제도적 전략을 활용하는지에대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족했다. 따라서 기존 연구를 보완하기 위해, 본 논문은제도균형이론에 기반하여 최근 SCO의 발전 및 확장 과정에 분석의 초점을 맞추어, 중국이 그 과정에서 어떠한 제도적 균형 전략을 통해 지역 질서를 자신의 이익과 목표에더 잘 부합하도록 변화시키려고 하는지를 분석하고, 그러한 중국의 제도적 균형 전략이어떠한 도전에 직면해 있는지를 살펴본다. 또한 중국과 러시아가 상호 협력과 경쟁을통해 SCO의 발전 및 확장 과정을 주도해 왔다는 점에서, 중국이 역내 자국의 영향력을확대하고 리더십 역할을 추구하기 위해, 어떠한 제도적 전략을 통해 러시아와의 관계를조율해 왔는지도 분석한다. 더 나아가서, 중국과 러시아가 SCO에 기반하여 구상한새로운 지역 질서의 전망과 관련하여‘비서구 유라시아 공동체’구축 가능성을 강화하고실현하는 데에 SCO가 직면한 도전 과제들을 살펴본다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로, 본 논문은 지난 20여 년간 SCO의 발전 및 확장 과정에서 중국의 전략적 계산과 제도적전략들을 설명하는 데에 제도적 균형의 분석 틀이 가지는 유용성과 한계를 논의한다.
Abstract
In the realm of regional multilateral diplomacy, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), as a prominent regional multilateral institution in which China has actively participated in its establishment and development, represents a significant case to examine the institutional strategies employed by China to reshape the regional order in alignment with its interests and goals. While there has been extensive research on China’s participation and strategies during the establishment and institutionalization of the SCO, there has been a relative scarcity of studies regarding China’s employment of institutional strategies in the recent development and expansion of the SCO to safeguard its interests and achieve its long-term strategic objectives. Therefore, to complement the existing studies, this article, grounded in the theory of institutional balancing, focuses on the analysis of China’s institutional balancing strategies during the recent development and expansion of the SCO. It aims to explore how China utilizes institutional balancing strategies to better align the regional order with its interests and goals, analyzing the challenges faced by such strategies. Furthermore, considering the leadership roles played by China and Russia through cooperation and competition in the development and expansion of the SCO, this article also examines how China, in expanding its influence within the region and pursuing its leadership role, harmonizes its relationship with Russia through institutional strategies. Additionally, it delves into the prospects of a new regional order envisioned by China and Russia based on the SCO and analyzes the challenges that the SCO faces in enhancing and realizing the possibility of constructing a non-Western Eurasian community.Building upon these analyses, this article discusses the utility and limitations of the institutional balancing framework in explaining China's strategic calculations and institutional strategies in the development and expansion of the SCO over the past two decades.
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