영국 뉴카슬/게이츠헤드의 도시재개발사업에 관한 연구: 정책 거버넌스를 중심으로
Governance of Urban Regeneration Policies of Newcastle/Gateshead England
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선진공업국들은 1970년대 이후 2차 산업의 사양화로 인해 탈공업화 현상을 경험하기 시작하였다. 탈공업화 현상은 대량 실업 및 도시환경의 파괴, 도시기반시설의 피폐 등과 같은 문제를 야기하였는데, 철강산업, 자동차산업, 조선산업의 중심도시들이 큰 피해를 보았다. 영국의 글라스고우, 뉴카슬, 맨체스터 등을 비롯하여 미국의 버팔로, 디트로이트 등이 그 대표적인 예이다. 그러나 1980년대 이후 그러한 도시의 일부는 문화예술활동을 도입하여 기업파산과 환경오염으로 얼룩진 탈공업도시의 경제와 환경, 그리고 지역정체성을 회복하고 있다. 영국의 뉴카슬과 그에 인접한 게이츠헤드는 1980년대 중반부터 시 정부가 중심이 되어 역사적인 의미가 있고 예술적 가치가 있는 대형 조형물을 조성하고, 방치된 창고건물을 보수하여 예술품 전시장으로 개조하는 한편, 황폐한 공간에 대형 음악당을 건축하고 그 주변을 정화하여 고급 주거 및 여가 공간으로 개발하였다. 이 연구는 뉴카슬/게이츠헤드의 이러한 도시재개발사업의 추진형태와 거버넌스 구조를 조사, 분석하였다.
Abstract
During the 1980s and 1990s, most of the old industrial cities of advanced countries have experienced serious de-industrialisation. This has caused many problems, such as economic decline, increasing unemployment, environmental degradation and social unrests. Since the mid-1980s, some of these cities have started to tackle the problems by urban regeneration programs with cultural and artistic activities, new industries, and implementing housing projects. The cities of Newcastle and Gateshead in Northeastern England were the examples of the ones which have created major development projects, such as building condominiums, renovating old factory building, and promoting cultural and art activities. This paper introduces policies and programs of the cities’ urban regeneration, analyses their governance structure, and articulates factors contributing to the success of the policies and programs.
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