지석영『兒學編』(1908) 한글 주음‘華音’의 韻母에 대하여
A Study on the Early Modern Mandarin Finals Transcribed in Korean Alphabets in Ji Seok-yeong’s (池錫永) Ahakphyeon (兒學編, 1908)
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This article discusses the characteristics of the final system of Early Modern Mandarin transcribed Korean alphabets in the Ahakphyeon (兒學編, 1908; hereafter ‘JiA’) by comparing the Sino-Korean transcriptions in the rhyme book Hé bìng zì xué piān yùn biàn lǎn (合並字學篇韻便覽). On the characteristics of the Korean-transcribed Early Modern Mandarin finals, (1) The Qíchǐ (齊齒) group in the rhyme of Xiè shè (蟹摄) was transcribed as the vowel /iɛ/ except the character 얘(崖); (2) The rhyme of Guǒ shè (果摄) changed. In the Groups of the initial Jiàn (見), the Kāikǒu (開口) part was transcribed as the vowel /ɤ/, the Qíchǐ (齊齒) part was transcribed as the vowel /yɛ/, the Hékǒu (合口) part was transcribed as the vowel /uo/[uo̜]; (3) Most characters from the rhyme of Zhuó shè (拙摄) were transcribed as the vowel /ɤ/; (4) The literary readings and vernacular readings of the same character were transcribed conversely by comparing the Modern Mandarin readings; (5) Some Korean transcriptions were conservative and did not reflect the temporal Mandarin pronunciations. Meanwhile, the Korean-transcribed Early Modern Mandarin finals were influenced by EarlyModern Korean in the beginning of 20th century. (1) The monosyllabic vowels combining with the consonants from the Groups of the initial Jīng (精) and the initial Zhào (照) were transcribed as disyllabic vowels, since the consonants ‘ㅅ·ㅈ·ㅊ’ in Early Modern Korean usually tended to combine with disyllabic vowels instead of monosyllabic ones. (2) The vowel ‘ㅝ’ corresponding to the vowels from the Hékǒu (合口) part of the rhyme of Guǒ shè (果摄) in the Groups of the initial Bāng (幫) was transcribed as unrounded vowel ‘ㅓ’, since the rounded vowels combining with labial consonants usually were recorded as unrounded vowels in Early Modern Korean. (3) The vowel ‘ㅖ’ corresponding to the vowels from the Qíchǐ (齊齒) group in the rhymes of Zhuó shè (拙摄) and Shān shè (山摄) were transcribed as ‘ㅔ’ occasionally since the vowel ‘/ㅖ/’ after a consonant could be pronounced as ‘/ㅔ/’ in Modern Korean phonology. Due to the sound change of the Korean language, the manners of Korean transcriptions in the JiA are different from the way in the Baktongsa sinseok eonhae (朴通事新釋諺解, 1765; hereafter ‘BakSin’). (1) The same Korean vowel transcribed different Mandarin vowels in two texts. (2) The same Mandarin vowel was transcribed by different Korean alphabets in two texts. (3) The Korean alphabets ‘yeo (ㅕ), o (ㅗ), yo (ㅛ), yoya (ㆇ)’ used in the BakSin did not appear in the JiA. (4) The Korean alphabets ‘yae (ㅒ), oeu (ᅟᅻ), yeou (ᅟᅾ), ue (ㅞ), uye (ᅟᆌ), yuye (ㆋ)’ used in the JiA did not appear in the BakSin. (5) The same Korean alphabets transcribed different types of Mandarin vowels (including monophthong, diphthong and triphthong).
Abstract
This article discusses the characteristics of the final system of Early Modern Mandarin transcribed Korean alphabets in the Ahakphyeon (兒學編, 1908; hereafter ‘JiA’) by comparing the Sino-Korean transcriptions in the rhyme book Hé bìng zì xué piān yùn biàn lǎn (合並字學篇韻便覽). On the characteristics of the Korean-transcribed Early Modern Mandarin finals, (1) The Qíchǐ (齊齒) group in the rhyme of Xiè shè (蟹摄) was transcribed as the vowel /iɛ/ except the character 얘(崖); (2) The rhyme of Guǒ shè (果摄) changed. In the Groups of the initial Jiàn (見), the Kāikǒu (開口) part was transcribed as the vowel /ɤ/, the Qíchǐ (齊齒) part was transcribed as the vowel /yɛ/, the Hékǒu (合口) part was transcribed as the vowel /uo/[uo̜]; (3) Most characters from the rhyme of Zhuó shè (拙摄) were transcribed as the vowel /ɤ/; (4) The literary readings and vernacular readings of the same character were transcribed conversely by comparing the Modern Mandarin readings; (5) Some Korean transcriptions were conservative and did not reflect the temporal Mandarin pronunciations. Meanwhile, the Korean-transcribed Early Modern Mandarin finals were influenced by EarlyModern Korean in the beginning of 20th century. (1) The monosyllabic vowels combining with the consonants from the Groups of the initial Jīng (精) and the initial Zhào (照) were transcribed as disyllabic vowels, since the consonants ‘ㅅ·ㅈ·ㅊ’ in Early Modern Korean usually tended to combine with disyllabic vowels instead of monosyllabic ones. (2) The vowel ‘ㅝ’ corresponding to the vowels from the Hékǒu (合口) part of the rhyme of Guǒ shè (果摄) in the Groups of the initial Bāng (幫) was transcribed as unrounded vowel ‘ㅓ’, since the rounded vowels combining with labial consonants usually were recorded as unrounded vowels in Early Modern Korean. (3) The vowel ‘ㅖ’ corresponding to the vowels from the Qíchǐ (齊齒) group in the rhymes of Zhuó shè (拙摄) and Shān shè (山摄) were transcribed as ‘ㅔ’ occasionally since the vowel ‘/ㅖ/’ after a consonant could be pronounced as ‘/ㅔ/’ in Modern Korean phonology. Due to the sound change of the Korean language, the manners of Korean transcriptions in the JiA are different from the way in the Baktongsa sinseok eonhae (朴通事新釋諺解, 1765; hereafter ‘BakSin’). (1) The same Korean vowel transcribed different Mandarin vowels in two texts. (2) The same Mandarin vowel was transcribed by different Korean alphabets in two texts. (3) The Korean alphabets ‘yeo (ㅕ), o (ㅗ), yo (ㅛ), yoya (ㆇ)’ used in the BakSin did not appear in the JiA. (4) The Korean alphabets ‘yae (ㅒ), oeu (ᅟᅻ), yeou (ᅟᅾ), ue (ㅞ), uye (ᅟᆌ), yuye (ㆋ)’ used in the JiA did not appear in the BakSin. (5) The same Korean alphabets transcribed different types of Mandarin vowels (including monophthong, diphthong and triphthong).
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