A Pragmatic Analysis of Korean One-eojeol Greeting and Leave-taking Expressions Based on Motion Verbs
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This study examines Korean greeting and leave-taking formulas derived from the motion verbs 오다(ota), 가다(gata), and 들어가다 (tulekata), with a focus on their single-eojeol realizations – for example, 왔어 (wasse)?, 가(ka), 들어가세요(tulekaseyyo). Using a Discourse Completion Task with 84 Korean native speakers, we explore how these morphosyntactically short formulas operate as pragmatic routines across variations in formality, familiarity, and social status. Our findings show that their use is not universal across situations, but is instead pragmatically conditioned, with certain contexts favoring them. Notably, although 들어가세요(tulekaseyyo) has been recognized as a leave-taking routine in recent lexicographic work, speakers overwhelmingly prefer multi-eojeol formulas modified by adverbs (e.g., 안녕히 가세요 (annyenghi kaseyyo), 조심히 들어가세요(cosimhi tulekaseyyo)). By contrast, 왔어(wasse)?-type greeting forms are as stereotyped as 안녕(annyeng)-type or 잘 지냈어(cal cinaysse)?-type routines. A comparison of 가다(kata) ‘to go’ and 들어가다(tulekata) ‘to go in’ further demonstrates that subtle verb-semantic distinctions influence how such one-eojeol forms become pragmatically entrenched. Overall, this research highlights an understudied area of Korean pragmatic phraseology and argues that, in a morphologically rich language such as Korean, relying on multiword constructions as a defining criterion for formulaicity may risk obscuring important patterns of pragmatic prefabrication.
Abstract
This study examines Korean greeting and leave-taking formulas derived from the motion verbs 오다(ota), 가다(gata), and 들어가다 (tulekata), with a focus on their single-eojeol realizations – for example, 왔어 (wasse)?, 가(ka), 들어가세요(tulekaseyyo). Using a Discourse Completion Task with 84 Korean native speakers, we explore how these morphosyntactically short formulas operate as pragmatic routines across variations in formality, familiarity, and social status. Our findings show that their use is not universal across situations, but is instead pragmatically conditioned, with certain contexts favoring them. Notably, although 들어가세요(tulekaseyyo) has been recognized as a leave-taking routine in recent lexicographic work, speakers overwhelmingly prefer multi-eojeol formulas modified by adverbs (e.g., 안녕히 가세요 (annyenghi kaseyyo), 조심히 들어가세요(cosimhi tulekaseyyo)). By contrast, 왔어(wasse)?-type greeting forms are as stereotyped as 안녕(annyeng)-type or 잘 지냈어(cal cinaysse)?-type routines. A comparison of 가다(kata) ‘to go’ and 들어가다(tulekata) ‘to go in’ further demonstrates that subtle verb-semantic distinctions influence how such one-eojeol forms become pragmatically entrenched. Overall, this research highlights an understudied area of Korean pragmatic phraseology and argues that, in a morphologically rich language such as Korean, relying on multiword constructions as a defining criterion for formulaicity may risk obscuring important patterns of pragmatic prefabrication.