러시아어 nomina agentis의 직업적 고착 조건 연구: 의미, 통사, 사회문화적 제약의 상호작용

Abstract

This study examines the conditions under which nomina agentis—agentive nouns derived from Russian verbs—become lexicalized as occupational terms. While previous studies have primarily focused on the productivity and classification of suffixes, this paper investigates why certain systematically derived agent nouns fail to attain occupational status, in contrast to those that are firmly established as occupational designations. By comparing these two groups, the study identifies the linguistic and sociocultural factors that govern the lexicalization process. The analysis reveals that occupational nomina agentis are typically derived from imperfective verbs characterized by repeatability, duration, object-orientation, and social acceptability. These nouns achieve occupational status when they are integrated into syntactic patterns that reflect recognized institutional functions. Conversely, agent nouns derived from perfective verbs, from verbs semantically oriented toward tools or means rather than results, or from lexical domains already saturated with established loanwords, tend to remain marginal or are excluded from occupational usage. These findings suggest that the formation of occupational agent nouns in Russian is not governed solely by morphological rules but emerges from the interplay of semantic structure, syntactic realization, and sociocultural validation within discourse.