Modernity and Coloniality in the English Diary of Yun Chi-ho
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Yun Chi-ho’s relevance to the understanding of Korean history derives primarily from his active engagement in the two critical phases of Korean history: the transitional period to modernity and the Japanese colonial period. Various explanations have been presented as to Yun’s turning from a reformist committed to enlightenment ideas into a collaborator with imperialist power. Focusing on the English diary of Yun Chi-ho, this paper attempts to show that a proper evaluation of Yun’s position essentially involves the question of how to perceive and respond to the inconsistencies and self-contradictions of modernity. As an intellectual from a colonized land, Yun was naturally sensitive to racial discrimination in the American South where he studied during the post-Reconstruction era, and became aware that many of the supposedly universal modern values were never to be universally realized. However, his will to take all the measures to modernize led him to adopt modernity as a sort of “package deal” and thus did not allow him to really confront those issues. Yun sought neither to make visible the inconsistencies and contradictions of modernity, nor to aggravate them into a perceptible antagonism, which could, paradoxically, contribute to enhancing self-empowerment for colonized subjects. Instead, he ended up actively justifying such self-disavowal of modernity with resort to an intensified version of Social Darwinism underpinned with the concept of Christian providence. In this respect, the characterization of Yun as “realist”, frequently suggested by some researchers, is particularly irrelevant, since Yun chose to disregard the most salient element of his “reality”, that is, coloniality.
Abstract
Yun Chi-ho’s relevance to the understanding of Korean history derives primarily from his active engagement in the two critical phases of Korean history: the transitional period to modernity and the Japanese colonial period. Various explanations have been presented as to Yun’s turning from a reformist committed to enlightenment ideas into a collaborator with imperialist power. Focusing on the English diary of Yun Chi-ho, this paper attempts to show that a proper evaluation of Yun’s position essentially involves the question of how to perceive and respond to the inconsistencies and self-contradictions of modernity. As an intellectual from a colonized land, Yun was naturally sensitive to racial discrimination in the American South where he studied during the post-Reconstruction era, and became aware that many of the supposedly universal modern values were never to be universally realized. However, his will to take all the measures to modernize led him to adopt modernity as a sort of “package deal” and thus did not allow him to really confront those issues. Yun sought neither to make visible the inconsistencies and contradictions of modernity, nor to aggravate them into a perceptible antagonism, which could, paradoxically, contribute to enhancing self-empowerment for colonized subjects. Instead, he ended up actively justifying such self-disavowal of modernity with resort to an intensified version of Social Darwinism underpinned with the concept of Christian providence. In this respect, the characterization of Yun as “realist”, frequently suggested by some researchers, is particularly irrelevant, since Yun chose to disregard the most salient element of his “reality”, that is, coloniality.
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