번역과 원본성의 창출: 롤랑부인 전기의 동아시아 수용 양상과 그 성격

Abstract

This study analyzes how the biography of Madame Roland, a lady from the period of French Revolution, was changed through the space of translation of Japan-China-Korea connection. Among the biographies of Madam Roland, The Queens of Society(1860), co-authored by Grace Wharton and Philip Wharton of England, shows clearly the translation route to East Asia. In The Queens of Society, she was described as a deficient person in religious and personality though she was a great woman. In Japanese edition, she was introduced as a model of modern woman without negative factor(The Model of Lady, The Queen of Relationship, by Tsubouchi Shōyō, 1887 and The Flower of French Revolution, by Tokutomi Rōka, 1893). Whereas, this model woman was recreated as the origin of revolution by Liang Qichao(A Life of Madame Roland, The Bravest Modern Woman, 1902). His translation allowed the new image of Madame Roland to be introduced in Korea(A Life of Madame Roland, The Best Modern Heroine, 1907). Shōyō, Rōka and Liang Qichao viewed the radicalism of French Revolution from a same standpoint, after Wharton defined that they had to take precautions against it by conservative ideas of revolution. Particularly, Liang Qichao described Madame Roland as a mother of revolution as well as a victim of revolution to show his double recognition of French Revolution. Whereas, in Korea, the conservative ideas of Liang Qichao was deleted(in the newspaper form) or the message of expectation for radical change of society was added(in the book from). To translate Western literatures into China was to receive authoritative information even though it was double translation. For this reason, a translation became the activity to create a new origin, not a relation of an origin and a copy. The texts of Whartons and Shōyō were an origin and a translation but they were not the same story. So were the biographies of Madame Roland by Liang Qichao and Korean translator. Texts of three East Asian countries functioned as independent text with originality in each place. The significance of study in translation of East Asia in modern transition is not to investigate whether it is literal or liberal translation or research into the level of influence, but to find how intervention of translator create a new originality in the extraordinary nature of the translating place.