English Teachers’ Views on Culture Teaching through Analyzing Cultural Background in Middle School English Textbooks
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초록
The purpose of this study is twofold; to look into the distribution of cultural backgrounds in middle school English textbooks and to examine teachers’ views on culture teaching. According to the cultural background analysis of all the 35 textbooks based on Chao’s classification (2011) modified from Cortazzi and Jin’s (1999) categorization, not all textbooks included enough source culture content, whereas there was still a dominant coverage of the U.S. culture compared to other English-speaking countries. There were also cultures from diverse countries but cultural content on some major countries was repeatedly presented throughout the textbooks. The key word and thematic coding analyses of the responses on the open-ended questions by the ten in-service teachers showed that there was not enough content or meaningful activities in the textbooks. There were also some constraints in teaching culture such as learners’ lack of interest and excessive focus on high-stakes tests. Accordingly, all the teachers except one mentioned they used various materials, teaching strategies, and tools to complement shortcomings of the cultural content and activities in the textbooks. Therefore, the study revealed that middle school English textbooks should include diverse yet quality cultural content and activities for meaningful culture learning. In order to do so, curriculum and materials developers should provide teachers with diverse resources and appropriate pedagogical directions to achieve the curricular goal of helping learners’ understanding of diverse cultures to become global citizens who respect their own and other cultures.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is twofold; to look into the distribution of cultural backgrounds in middle school English textbooks and to examine teachers’ views on culture teaching. According to the cultural background analysis of all the 35 textbooks based on Chao’s classification (2011) modified from Cortazzi and Jin’s (1999) categorization, not all textbooks included enough source culture content, whereas there was still a dominant coverage of the U.S. culture compared to other English-speaking countries. There were also cultures from diverse countries but cultural content on some major countries was repeatedly presented throughout the textbooks. The key word and thematic coding analyses of the responses on the open-ended questions by the ten in-service teachers showed that there was not enough content or meaningful activities in the textbooks. There were also some constraints in teaching culture such as learners’ lack of interest and excessive focus on high-stakes tests. Accordingly, all the teachers except one mentioned they used various materials, teaching strategies, and tools to complement shortcomings of the cultural content and activities in the textbooks. Therefore, the study revealed that middle school English textbooks should include diverse yet quality cultural content and activities for meaningful culture learning. In order to do so, curriculum and materials developers should provide teachers with diverse resources and appropriate pedagogical directions to achieve the curricular goal of helping learners’ understanding of diverse cultures to become global citizens who respect their own and other cultures.
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