ESL 환경에 있는 아동의 발화에 나타난 문장 수준의L2 코드변환 사례연구
A Case Study of Sentence-level Code-switching in the Utterances of a Child in an ESL Learning Environment.
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초록
본 연구는 ESL 학습 환경에 8개월 간 노출된 만 7세 여아를 대상으로 하여 L1에서 L2로의 문장 수준의 코드변환을 다룬 사례연구이다. 선행 연구들이 단어 수준의 코드변환을 주로 다룬데 반하여 본 연구는 문장 수준의 코드 변환을 다루면서, 영어학습자가 L2로의 코드변환을 주로 어떠한 상황에서 하는가를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구 자료는 연구 대상자가 하교 후 가정에서 가족들과 나누는 대화를 5주간 녹취하고 필드노트에 기록하여 수집하였다. 분석 결과 문장 수준의 L2 코드변환이 총 134 사례에서 나타났으며 이를 범주화 한 결과 9가지 상황이 밝혀졌다. 이 상황별 유형은 연구대상자가 감정 표현을 하는 상황, 요청하는 상황, 임박한 미래에 자신이 할 일을 묘사하는 상황, 영어원어민이 한 말을 옮기는 상황, 자신이 원하는 것을 말하는 상황, 필요성을 말하는 상황, 질문을 하는 상황, 상대방으로부터 허락을 구하는 상황 및 기타로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 피연구자와 유사한 학습 배경을 가진 학습자를 다루는 연구자나 부모, 교사에게 L2 코드 변환에 대한 정보를 제공하는데 쓰일 것이다.
Abstract
This is a case study which explored sentence-level L2 code-switching(CS) behaviors of a Korean seven-year-old who had been exposed to an ESL learning environment for 8 months. The purpose of the investigation was to find out in which situations a language learner starts to insert L2 sentences in L1 conversations. The conversations between the subject and her family members at home were recorded through audio-taping and observational notes for 5 weeks. The analysis identified 134 episodes of L2 CS and as a result, 9 situation-based categories emerged. The categories of situations that were likely to trigger L2 CS were Expression of emotions, Requests, Impending future, Direct quotations from English native speakers, Wants, Needs, Questions, Seeking a permission, and Others. The results will be useful for understanding the nature of sentence-level CS behaviors that a developing bilingual child exhibits. Also, since voluntary L2 CS was found to occur most frequently in Expression of emotions, Requests, Impending future, and Direct quotations from English native speakers, this piece of information can be considered in deciding the content and sequence of ESL/EFL materials for young learners.
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