場所を表わす助詞「に」と「で」の使い分けの状況 -韓国人日本語学習者(初·中·上級者)を対象として-

Abstract

Japanese particles “に(ni)” and “で(de)” that expresses location correspond to Korean particles “에(e)” 　 　and “에서(eseo).” This one-to-one correspondence (“に(ni)” and “에(e),” and “で(de)” and “에서(eseo)”) matches more than 99% of the time. Based on preceding research that classifies the combination of selecting particles into four tendencies: particle is chosen 1. without comprehending the whole context, 2. only looking at the preceding noun that follows the particle, 3. choosing based on prior knowledge learned in school, 4. with fixed knowledge that “ni” follows after explaining the location of nouns and “de” after nouns used for place and building names, the research is then reevaluated for clearer results. Therefore, to analyze the misusage of particles “ni” and “de” to express locations, a survey was conducted on November 2013, with 73 Korean Japanese learners, to look at the correlation with differences in the learning period based on influences from learning and the first language of the learners. Two results can be driven from the evaluation. The first result (influence from learning) is due to memorization of sentence structures, patterns, and set phrases in the early learning stage. This proved the hypothesis that students scored a higher average of correct answers in the beginning stage, backing up Ozeki(2007)’s research results as well. Accordingly, the average of correct answers was higher on choosing “location＋ni(に)” over “location＋ de(で)” and “place name＋de(で)” over “place name＋ni(に).” The second result (influence from first language) is that learners learn fixed forms like “～に住む(∼ni sumu)” and “～に泊まる(∼nitomaru)” that learners who already learned the forms are less likely to make the mistakes made by learners in higher level of education. This is contradictory to what Hiromi Ozeki (2007) said that the difference in learner’s first language does not affect the usage and that the tendency of right and wrong usage of Korean Japanese learners is equivalent. As a conclusion, the result of the survey clearly proves that the word usage of particles “ni” and “de” that express location for Korean Japanese learners is largely affected by their mother language.