場所の助詞「に」と「で」の誤用の原因の分析 ーアンケート調査の結果をもとにー

Abstract

Among the particles used in two countries with similar morphology, Japanese particles “に(ni)” and “で(de)” and Korean particles “에(e)“ and”에서(eseo)“ have a common meaning to express location. Particles "ni" and "e" are used to indicate ”place of existence“ and "de" and "eseo" are used to indicate "place where behavior and action occur." A Korean Japanese learner corresponds the particles one to one without difficulty. In doing so, a problem may arise as the correct answer rate surpasses 90%. Therefore, regarding the selection of particles “ni” and “de,” Lee (2017)(2018)’s study shows that Korean Japanese language learners (major, non-major) in the initial learning stage have tendencies to use fixed phrases "position+ni" and "place name+de." In addition, Lee (2017)(2018) backed up the tendency of selection of such particles in precedent study, and clearly supports the results of the usage errors of particles "ni" and "de" to represent place in relation to the influence of learning and of one’s mother tongue through an experiment conducted on November 2013. (Examinees: majors in Busan P. University (73 students), non-majors in Busan K. University (73 students)) Although the method of experiment follows a similar pattern to previous studies of Lee (2017)(2018), this study analyzes the survey conducted on November 2013 and reclassifies the questionnaire based on learning level and not the period of learning. More than 95% of non-major students were excluded form the survey as they do not have a qualified language certificate. The following results were obtained based on the comparison and contrast of location particles “ni” and “de” used by major students of different level. The causes of usage errors can be largely divided into four. ① Difference in level: the accuracy rate of semi-advanced level (N2) learners is slightly higher than advanced level (N1) learners. ② Influence of learning: A: excessive use of "ni" compared to “de” and over-generalization of the fixed phrases "position+ni" and “place name+de.“ (Su et al. (2006)) B: A unit of noun+particle formation is created when selecting particles "ni" and "de." (Noda et al. (2001), Sakuda (2001)) ③ Frequency of learning materials: ”Mae(前)“ and ”naka(中)“ used to represent location comes up fewer times than ”ni“ and ”de“ in ”Minnano Nihongo 1,2.“ ④ Influence of mother tongue: Korean Japanese learners are influenced greatly by the mother tongue in expressions ”to live (~sumu)“ and ”to stay (~tomaru).“ Especially the results that the accuracy rate of beginning level students are ranked slightly higher than semi-advanced to advanced level students in the case of "tomaru" shows discrepancies with the study done by Ozeki (2007).