교양주의와의 비교로 분석하는 다니자키 준이치로 문학 -반 교양주의의 의의-

Abstract

This study proceeded in the following order: first, based on the research on liberalism or culturalism so far, it clarified the criterion of the ‘writing style of liberalism/culturalism’ as Natsume Soseki defined; second, it went through a process of making a comparative analysis of culture or cultural refinement of Soseki and anti-culture of Tanizaki Junichiro; third, it examined the significance of anti-culturalism through an analysis of Tanizaki’s CHIJINNOAI. Taisho Liberalism or Culturalism refers to a form of personalism, i.e., a belief in the cultivation of character by means of reading literature, philosophy, and history, and is defined as the culture of the highly educated elite formed in the Taisho period. Teaching at an imperial universities, Natsume Soseki wielded great influence on young intellectuals at that time. Soseki’s pupils, an elite group with higher education, have became the source of Taisho Liberalism. It is no exaggeration to say that the protagonists of Soseki’s texts, who followed an elite course of top-ranking high schools and imperial universities, are the standard of cultured youths of the Taisho era. On the other hand, Tanizaki Junichiro, who was from the same imperial universities, wrote novels that completely denied the idea of cultural refinement and hence, established the method of an antithesis to modernity that culturalism aimed at. The male intelligentsia in the works of Natsume Soseki figure as typical characters of the highly-educated elite. In contrast, none of the characters in Tanizaki Junichiro were intellectual, and so his works were given a cold reception by the literary establishment. The consistent denial of spirituality or intellectual dimension in the work of Tanizaki is an expression of fissures in the superficial modernity of Japan which was covered up with a culture of intellectuals based on the ideal of cultural refinement, and a reexamination of this can lead us to a revaluation of Japanese modernity.