日本國定期 國語科敎科書 『高等小學讀本』에 나타나는 수동표현의 양상과 변천사

Abstract

This study examined the characteristics and changes in the passive voice that appeared in 'godeung sohag dogbon', a middle school textbook in the nationally designated textbook era (Meiji-Showa period). The analysis period is from the 1st to 3rd periods of the nationally designated textbook era and The scope of analysis is from volumes 1 to 3 of textbooks for each period(Meiji 36-Shohwa 23). In this paper, the passive voice has a passive meaning and takes the form of 'らる(laru)' or ‘られる(lareru)'. Results are as follows. First, It can be seen that passive expressions gradually increase from the 1st to the 3rd period. In addition, the frequency of use of inanimate noun also increases, which seems to be due to the new culture and objects introduced at the time. In terms of Form of passive, 'Lareru' began to stabilize in the early 20th century, and 'Sareru' also appeared to begin to stabilize in the 1910s. In particular, the rapid increase in ‘Sareru’ during the 3rd period was seen as the influence of Chinese character nouns that became basic words in the late Meiji period. Next, in the case of the form of passive clause ‘passive form of transitive verb + たる(taru) + noun’, it was confirmed that the form of the past tense changed from ‘たる(taru)’to‘た(ta)’. Also, It was found that the Aspect combined with the passive voice was also expanded from ‘て居る(teoru)’ to ‘てゐる(teiru), てある(tearu)’. Lastly, in the case of the same articles for each national designated textbook era, the number of passive voices increases. This is because it was used to supplement explanations or add new paragraphs to help understand the content (material) of the article. It can be seen that passive was used with the intention of making people understand the situation of inanimate objects and the content (material) of the article. It appears that the attempt was made to understand the state or environment of the subject, which is an event, object, or indefinite noun.