廣開土太王勳績碑 제3 ․ 4면 解讀과 守墓制 考察

Abstract

This study examines the Section 3 and 4 of King Gwanggaeto’s Stele and deciphered the Chinese character ‘挺’ of 3-5-10, ‘抺’ of 3-7-29, ‘契’ of 3-10-9 and 3-10-16, and ‘岺’ of 3-11-37 of King Gwanggaeto’s Stele which had been misread. Several heavily damaged letters from 4-1-1 to 4-1-3 and the defaced part from 4-1-4 to 4-1-7 were interpreted according to the context as well. In addition, the theory of Liaodong-Pyongyang in Goguryeo is suggested after a thorough study on New Book of Tang (『新唐書』), History of Liao (『遼史』), History of Yuan (『元史』) of Twenty-Four Histories (『二十四史』). The part from 3-1-1 to 3-8-15 of the Stele is about the war-time story that King Gwanggaeto’s yielding Japanese and conquering East Buyeo (東扶餘). King Gwanggaeto clarified the number of fortresses and villages that he acquired during his regime, and it provides us previous information to understand the relationship and dynamics between the countires of its time. The part from 3-8-16 to 3-14-41 is about Yeonho (the house unit) and has a record of the number of Gukyeon (國烟) and Ganyeon (看烟). The section 4 of King Gwanggato’s Stele inscribes Yeonho system and the total number of it, and declares that trading of YeonHo was illegal as well as why he modified the system for tending royal tombs (守墓制). The part from 4-1-41 to 4-2-10 describes that “The Hans (韓) of south Baekjan (百殘) have one Gukyeon and five Ganyeons” and it means that the Hans, Yemaek Tribe and other the Northern Hans and the Mahan in the south, settled separate in the several area. According to Book of Wei-Dongyi (『魏書-東夷傳』) of Records of the Three Kingdoms (『三國志』), “Around the year of 237 to 239, in the period of Cao Rui (Chinese emperor from 226 to 239), eight countries of Jinhan confederacy (辰韓) were divided and given to Nakrang (樂浪) and some of them had the same name in Idu (吏讀)” “景初中……分割辰韓八國以與樂浪 吏譯轉有異同” in Kwang-Min Park, “An Etymological Approach to the Country Name and Toponyms of Kojoseon”, The Onji Studies 60, July 2019, p.191. , and the ‘eight countries of Jinhan confederacy’ indicates the Northern Hans of ancient Liaodong area. This requires the further discussion. As for the part of Section 4 of King Gwanggaeto’s Stele, this study clarifies the meaning of trading Yeonho and the words, Gukyeon and Ganyeon, and specifies its examples with the help of the manuscripts about tomb-keepers during the Joseon Dynasty which have not been made public before. This study follows the previous two articles, “An Interpretation of Section 1 of King Gwanggaeto’s Stele” and “A Study on Section 2 of King Gwanggaeto’s Stele.” I hope it can be a cornerstone of the studies on the ancient Korean history and the further studies will be continued in the future.